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Ch. 2 - Limits
Briggs - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 3rd Edition
Briggs3rd EditionCalculus: Early TranscendentalsISBN: 9780136847243Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 2, Problem 2.7

The following table gives the position s(t)s\(\left\)(t\(\right\)) of an object moving along a line at time tt. Determine the average velocities over the time intervals [1,1.01]\(\left\[\lbrack\)1,1.01\(\right\]\rbrack\), [1,1.001]\(\left\[\lbrack\)1,1.001\(\right\]\rbrack\), and [1,1.0001]\(\left\]\lbrack\)1,1.0001^{}\(\right\).]. Then make a conjecture about the value of the instantaneous velocity at t=1t=1. <IMAGE>

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1
Identify the formula for average velocity over a time interval [a, b], which is given by the change in position divided by the change in time: \( v_{avg} = \frac{s(b) - s(a)}{b - a} \).
For the interval [1, 1.01], calculate the average velocity using the positions at t = 1 and t = 1.01. Substitute these values into the average velocity formula.
For the interval [1, 1.001], calculate the average velocity using the positions at t = 1 and t = 1.001. Again, substitute these values into the average velocity formula.
For the interval [1, 1.0001], calculate the average velocity using the positions at t = 1 and t = 1.0001. Substitute these values into the average velocity formula.
Observe the trend in the average velocities as the time interval decreases. Use this trend to make a conjecture about the instantaneous velocity at t = 1, which is the limit of the average velocity as the interval approaches zero.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Average Velocity

Average velocity is defined as the change in position divided by the change in time over a specific interval. Mathematically, it is expressed as (s(t2) - s(t1)) / (t2 - t1), where s(t) represents the position function. This concept is crucial for understanding how an object's position changes over time and is foundational for calculating instantaneous velocity.
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Average Value of a Function

Instantaneous Velocity

Instantaneous velocity refers to the velocity of an object at a specific moment in time, typically calculated as the limit of the average velocity as the time interval approaches zero. It is represented mathematically as the derivative of the position function, s'(t). Understanding this concept is essential for making conjectures about an object's motion at a precise time.
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Derivatives Applied To Velocity

Limits

Limits are a fundamental concept in calculus that describe the behavior of a function as its input approaches a certain value. They are essential for defining derivatives and integrals, which are key to understanding instantaneous rates of change and areas under curves. In the context of this question, limits help in determining the instantaneous velocity by analyzing the average velocity over increasingly smaller time intervals.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

A sequence is an infinite, ordered list of numbers that is often defined by a function. For example, the sequence {2,4,6,8,…} is specified by the function f(n) = 2n, where n=1,2,3,….The limit of such a sequence is lim n→∞ f(n), provided the limit exists. All the limit laws for limits at infinity may be applied to limits of sequences. Find the limit of the following sequences or state that the limit does not exist. 


{2,3/4,4/9,5/16,…}, which is defined by f(n) = (n+1) / n^2, for n=1,2,3,…

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Textbook Question

Use a graph of f to estimate limxaf(x){\(\displaystyle\]\lim\)_{x\(\to\) a}}f\(\left\)(x\(\right\)) or to show that the limit does not exist. Evaluate f(x) near x=ax=a to support your conjecture.

f(x)=1cos(2x2)(x1)2;a=1f\(\left\)(x\(\right\))=\(\frac{1-\cos\left(2x-2\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\);a=1

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Textbook Question

Consider the position function s(t)=−16t^2+128t (Exercise 13). Complete the following table with the appropriate average velocities. Then make a conjecture about the value of the instantaneous velocity at t=1. <IMAGE>

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Textbook Question

Determine limxf(x)\(\lim\)_{x\(\rightarrow\]\infty\)}f\(\left\)(x\(\right\)) and limxf(x)\(\lim\)_{x\(\rightarrow\)-\(\infty\)}f\(\left\)(x\(\right\)) for the following functions. Then give the horizontal asymptotes of ff (if any).


f(x)=40x5+x216x42xf\(\left\)(x\(\right\))=\(\frac{40x^5+x^2}{16x^4-2x}\)

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Textbook Question

Use analytical methods and/or a graphing utility to identify the vertical asymptotes (if any) of the following functions.

h(x)=e^x(x+1)^3

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Textbook Question

Evaluate each limit and justify your answer. 

lim x→1 (x+5x / x+2)^4

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