Indicate the function of the stellate macrophages and the hepatocytes of the liver.

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1. Identify the role of stellate macrophages, also known as Kupffer cells, in the liver. These cells are specialized macrophages that reside in the liver sinusoids and are responsible for phagocytosing pathogens, cellular debris, and old red blood cells, thus contributing to the liver's immune defense and detoxification processes.
2. Explain the function of hepatocytes, which are the main functional cells of the liver. Hepatocytes perform a wide range of metabolic, synthetic, and detoxification activities, including producing bile, synthesizing plasma proteins like albumin, metabolizing carbohydrates and lipids, and detoxifying harmful substances.
3. Highlight how stellate macrophages contribute to maintaining liver homeostasis by removing harmful agents and presenting antigens to immune cells, which helps in immune surveillance.
4. Describe how hepatocytes play a central role in metabolism by processing nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract, storing glycogen, and regulating blood glucose levels.
5. Summarize that stellate macrophages primarily function in immune defense and cleanup within the liver, while hepatocytes are essential for metabolic functions, synthesis, and detoxification, making both cell types crucial for overall liver function.

Key Concepts

Stellate Macrophages (Kupffer Cells)

Stellate macrophages, also known as Kupffer cells, are specialized immune cells located in the liver sinusoids. Their primary function is to phagocytize pathogens, dead cells, and debris, helping to maintain liver health and immune defense. They also play a role in modulating inflammation and liver regeneration.

Hepatocytes

Hepatocytes are the main functional cells of the liver responsible for a wide range of metabolic, detoxification, and synthetic activities. They produce bile, synthesize plasma proteins like albumin, metabolize nutrients, and detoxify harmful substances. Hepatocytes also store glycogen and regulate blood glucose levels.

Liver Microenvironment and Cell Interaction

The liver microenvironment involves interactions between hepatocytes, stellate macrophages, and other cells to maintain liver function. Kupffer cells help clear pathogens and signal hepatocytes during injury, while hepatocytes perform metabolic tasks. This cooperation ensures effective detoxification, immune response, and tissue repair.