Textbook Question
Differentiate between humoral and cellular adaptive immunity.
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Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn7th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780805359091
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation24
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive25
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units24
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric19
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System10
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System26
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue23
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System26
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity28
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System18
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System26
- Ch. 17 Blood27
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart22
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues16
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses29
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System20
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System30
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System25
- Ch. 26 Fluids & Electrolytes24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System23
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn7th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780805359091Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn 7th EditionCh. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body DefensesProblem 26
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn 7th EditionCh. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body DefensesProblem 26Chapter 20, Problem 26
Capillary permeability increases and plasma proteins leak into the interstitial fluid as part of the inflammatory process. Why is this desirable?
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Understand that capillary permeability refers to the ability of substances to pass through the capillary walls from the blood into the surrounding tissues.
Recognize that during inflammation, increased capillary permeability allows plasma proteins, such as antibodies and clotting factors, to move from the bloodstream into the interstitial fluid.
Consider the role of these plasma proteins in the inflammatory response: they help to isolate the injured area, promote clotting to prevent the spread of infection, and attract immune cells to the site.
Realize that the leakage of plasma proteins also increases the osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid, which helps to draw more fluid out of the capillaries, causing swelling that can help dilute toxins and bring immune cells closer to the affected tissue.
Conclude that this process is desirable because it facilitates the body's defense mechanisms by enabling immune cells and proteins to reach and act on the site of injury or infection effectively.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Capillary Permeability
Capillary permeability refers to the ability of small blood vessels to allow substances like fluids, ions, and proteins to pass through their walls. During inflammation, this permeability increases to enable immune cells and proteins to reach the affected tissue, facilitating the body's defense and repair mechanisms.
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Types of Capillaries
Role of Plasma Proteins in Inflammation
Plasma proteins such as fibrinogen and immunoglobulins leak into the interstitial fluid during inflammation. These proteins help form clots to contain infection, attract immune cells, and neutralize pathogens, thereby supporting the immune response and promoting tissue healing.
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1:38Inflammation
Inflammatory Response and Tissue Repair
The inflammatory response is a protective mechanism that isolates and eliminates harmful agents. Increased capillary permeability and protein leakage create an environment that supports immune cell activity and tissue repair, making these changes essential for effective healing and restoration of normal function.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Although the adaptive immune system has two arms, it has been said, 'no T cells, no immunity.' Explain.
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Textbook Question
Caroline, a pregnant 29-year-old, has been HIV-positive for at least 10 years, dating back to when she was homeless and injecting heroin. While she currently has no symptoms of AIDS, she is taking several medications and is worried about the possibility that her baby might be infected. How do you think the HIV virus might be transferred from a mother to her offspring? Which of Caroline’s cells are infected by the virus, and why is the viral attack on these cells so devastating? Why is Caroline taking medication even though she has no symptoms?
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