The RNA polymerase enzyme binds to ________, initiating transcription.
a. Amino acids
b. tRNA
c. The promoter sequence
d. The ribosome

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the process of transcription: Transcription is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. This process is carried out by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
2. Identify the role of RNA polymerase: RNA polymerase is responsible for binding to a specific region of the DNA to initiate transcription. This region is known as the promoter sequence.
3. Define the promoter sequence: The promoter is a specific DNA sequence that signals the RNA polymerase where to start transcription. It is located upstream of the gene to be transcribed.
4. Eliminate incorrect options: a) Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not involved in transcription initiation. b) tRNA (transfer RNA) is involved in translation, not transcription. d) The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis, not transcription.
5. Conclude the correct answer: The RNA polymerase enzyme binds to the promoter sequence, initiating transcription. This makes option c the correct choice.

Key Concepts

Transcription

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is essential for gene expression, allowing the information in genes to be translated into proteins. It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and involves several key steps, including initiation, elongation, and termination.

RNA Polymerase

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the transcription process. It binds to the DNA at the promoter region and synthesizes RNA by adding ribonucleotides complementary to the DNA template strand. There are different types of RNA polymerases in eukaryotes, each responsible for synthesizing different types of RNA, such as mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.

Promoter Sequence

The promoter sequence is a specific region of DNA located upstream of a gene that serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase. It contains specific motifs that are recognized by transcription factors, which help recruit RNA polymerase to initiate transcription. The strength and structure of the promoter can influence the rate of transcription and ultimately affect gene expression.