If humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, each carrying hundreds to thousands of genes, roughly how many genes are there in the human genome?
a. 23
b. 46
c. 1000
d. 20,000
e. 200,000

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which means there are 46 individual chromosomes in total (23 from each parent).
2. Each chromosome carries hundreds to thousands of genes. This means the total number of genes in the human genome is the sum of all the genes across all 46 chromosomes.
3. Recall that the human genome has been extensively studied, and it is estimated to contain approximately 20,000 to 25,000 genes in total.
4. Compare the given options to the estimated range of genes in the human genome. The correct answer should fall within this range.
5. Select the option that best matches the estimated number of genes in the human genome, which is approximately 20,000.

Key Concepts

Chromosomes

Chromosomes are long, thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins that contain genetic information. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46, with each chromosome carrying many genes. The arrangement and number of chromosomes are crucial for understanding genetic inheritance and variation.

Genes

Genes are segments of DNA that encode instructions for building proteins, which perform various functions in the body. Each gene can vary in length and complexity, and the total number of genes in the human genome is estimated to be around 20,000 to 25,000. Understanding genes is essential for studying genetics, heredity, and biological functions.

Human Genome

The human genome is the complete set of genetic information for humans, consisting of all the chromosomes and their associated genes. It contains the instructions necessary for the growth, development, and functioning of the human body. The study of the human genome has significant implications for medicine, genetics, and evolutionary biology.