For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.
3′-AUG-5′

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the codon sequence that pairs with the given tRNA anticodon. The anticodon 3′-AUG-5′ pairs with the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′, as base pairing between anticodon and codon follows complementary rules (A pairs with U, and G pairs with C).
2. Determine the amino acid carried by the tRNA. Use the genetic code table to find the amino acid corresponding to the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′. This codon specifies the amino acid Tyrosine (Tyr).
3. Determine the DNA coding strand sequence. The DNA coding strand is complementary to the template strand and identical to the mRNA sequence (except T replaces U). Therefore, the DNA coding strand sequence is 5′-TAC-3′.
4. Specify the polarity of the DNA coding strand. The DNA coding strand is written in the 5′ to 3′ direction, which is the standard convention for representing DNA sequences.
5. Summarize the relationships: The tRNA anticodon 3′-AUG-5′ pairs with the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′, which codes for Tyrosine (Tyr). The corresponding DNA coding strand sequence is 5′-TAC-3′.

Key Concepts

tRNA and Anticodons

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are essential for translating the genetic code into proteins. Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific codon on mRNA. The sequence of the anticodon determines which amino acid the tRNA carries, allowing for the correct incorporation of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Codons and Amino Acids

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid. The genetic code is universal, meaning that each codon corresponds to the same amino acid across different organisms. Understanding the relationship between codons and their corresponding amino acids is crucial for interpreting genetic information and protein synthesis.

DNA Coding Strand and Polarity

The DNA coding strand is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA (except for thymine being replaced by uracil). It runs in a 5' to 3' direction, which is important for transcription and translation processes. The polarity of nucleic acids (5' to 3' direction) is fundamental for understanding how genetic information is read and synthesized.