Textbook Question
Answer the following questions about the accompanying diagram.
What process(es) are illustrated in the diagram?
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Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 40b
For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.
3′-CCU-5′
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Identify the codon sequence that pairs with the given tRNA anticodon. The anticodon is complementary and antiparallel to the mRNA codon. For the anticodon 3′-CCU-5′, the corresponding codon sequence on mRNA will be 5′-GGA-3′.
Determine the amino acid carried by the tRNA. Use the genetic code table to find the amino acid corresponding to the mRNA codon 5′-GGA-3′. This codon specifies the amino acid glycine (Gly).
Determine the DNA coding strand sequence. The DNA coding strand is identical to the mRNA sequence (except thymine (T) replaces uracil (U)). Therefore, the DNA coding strand sequence will be 5′-GGA-3′.
Specify the polarity of the DNA coding strand. The DNA coding strand is written in the 5′ to 3′ direction, so the polarity is 5′-GGA-3′.
Summarize the results: The mRNA codon sequence is 5′-GGA-3′, the amino acid is glycine (Gly), and the DNA coding strand sequence is 5′-GGA-3′ with 5′ to 3′ polarity.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
tRNA and Anticodons
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA has a specific anticodon sequence that is complementary to a codon on the mRNA. The anticodon ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain based on the genetic code.
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Codons and Amino Acids
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis. The genetic code is universal and defines which codons correspond to which amino acids. For example, the codon corresponding to the tRNA anticodon 3′-CCU-5′ is 5′-GGA-3′, which codes for the amino acid glycine.
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DNA Coding Strand and Polarity
The DNA coding strand is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA (except for thymine in DNA replacing uracil in RNA). It runs in a 5′ to 3′ direction, which is crucial for transcription and translation processes. Understanding the polarity of nucleic acids is essential for determining the correct sequences and their corresponding functions in protein synthesis.
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The Genetic Code
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Answer the following questions about the accompanying diagram.
Does the diagram depict molecular activity in a bacterium or a eukaryote? Explain the reasoning for your answer.
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Textbook Question
For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.
3′-UAC-5′
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Textbook Question
For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.
3′-AUG-5′
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Textbook Question
Base-substitution mutations often change the amino acid specified by a codon. For each of the amino acid changes listed, determine which ones can result from a one–base-pair substitution. For those that can result from a one–base-pair substitution, give the possible wild-type and mutant codons, listing multiple possibilities if there is more than one option.
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Textbook Question
For the sequences given in the following list, indicate whether DNA replication, transcription, pre-mRNA processing, or translation will be most immediately affected by deletion of the sequence. As precisely as you can, specify what step of the process is directly affected by the deletion.
a. start codon
b. TATA box
c. 5' splice site
d. ori sequence
e. -10 consensus sequence
f. Shine–Dalgarno sequence
g. 5' cap
h. termination sequence
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