Textbook Question
Why doesn't polynucleotide phosphorylase (Ochoa's enzyme) synthesize RNA in vivo?
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Ch. 13 - The Genetic Code and Transcription
Klug12th EditionConcepts of Genetics ISBN: 9780135564776
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics17
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis36
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics51
- Ch. 4 - Extensions of Mendelian Genetics74
- Ch. 5 - Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes51
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages46
- Ch. 7 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes33
- Ch. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement40
- Ch. 9 - Extranuclear Inheritance31
- Ch. 10 - DNA Structure and Analysis43
- Ch. 11 - DNA Replication and Recombination44
- Ch. 12 - DNA Organization in Chromosomes30
- Ch. 13 - The Genetic Code and Transcription54
- Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins47
- Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition41
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria29
- Ch. 17 - Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes41
- Ch. 18 - Post-transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes33
- Ch. 19 - Epigenetics33
- Ch. 20 - Recombinant DNA Technology44
- Ch. 21 - Genomic Analysis36
- Ch. 22 - Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology36
- Ch. 23 - Developmental Genetics37
- Ch. 24 - Cancer Genetics34
- Ch. 25 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits54
- Ch. 26 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Chapter 13, Problem 13a
A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift, indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be
5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'
Propose a two-dimensional model for this molecule.
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Identify the sequence of the RNA molecule: 5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'. Since RNA is single-stranded, secondary structure forms by intramolecular base pairing, typically between complementary bases.
Recall the base pairing rules for RNA: Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C). Also consider possible wobble pairs like G-U.
Look for regions within the sequence that can form complementary base pairs by aligning the sequence against itself in reverse to find potential stem regions (double-stranded segments).
Identify loops or bulges where bases do not pair, which are common in RNA secondary structures. These are usually found in regions where complementary pairing is not possible.
Sketch the two-dimensional model by drawing the RNA strand and indicating paired bases as stems (lines connecting paired bases) and unpaired bases as loops or bulges, reflecting the predicted secondary structure.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
RNA Secondary Structure
RNA secondary structure refers to the local base pairing interactions within a single RNA strand, forming structures like hairpins, loops, and stems. These structures arise from hydrogen bonding between complementary bases (A-U and G-C) and are crucial for RNA function and stability.
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Hyperchromic Shift
A hyperchromic shift is an increase in UV absorbance observed when nucleic acid secondary structures melt or unfold. It indicates the presence of base pairing and stacking interactions in the RNA, as unpaired bases absorb more UV light than paired ones.
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Guided course
09:52
Spontaneous Mutations
Base Pairing Rules in RNA
RNA base pairing primarily involves Watson-Crick pairs: adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). These specific interactions guide the folding of RNA into stable secondary structures and are essential for predicting RNA models.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Refer to Table 13.1. Can you hypothesize why a synthetic RNA composed of a mixture of poly U poly A would not stimulate incorporation of ¹⁴C-phenylalanine into protein?
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Textbook Question
Predict the amino acid sequence produced during translation by the following short hypothetical mRNA sequences (note that the second sequence was formed from the first by a deletion of only one nucleotide):
Sequence 1: 5'-AUGCCGGAUUAUAGUUGA-3'
Sequence 2: 5'-AUGCCGGAUUAAGUUGA-3'
What type of mutation gave rise to sequence 2?
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Textbook Question
A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift, indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be
5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'
What DNA sequence would give rise to this RNA molecule through transcription?
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Textbook Question
A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift, indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be
5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'
If the molecule were a tRNA fragment containing a CGA anticodon, what would the corresponding codon be?
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Textbook Question
A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift, indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be
5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'
If the molecule were an internal part of a message, what amino acid sequence would result from it following translation?
520
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