Vitamin E is the name for a set of chemically related tocopherols, which are lipid-soluble compounds with antioxidant properties. Such antioxidants protect cells against the effects of free radicals created as by-products of energy metabolism in the mitochondrion. Different tocopherols have different biological activities due to differences in their retention by binding to gut proteins during digestion. The one retained at the highest level is α-tocopherol, whereas γ-tocopherol is retained at less than 10% of that efficiency. In Arabidopsis, α-tocopherol is the most abundant tocopherol in leaves, whereas γ-tocopherol is the most abundant in seeds. An enzyme encoded by the VTE4 gene can convert γ-tocopherol to α-tocopherol. How would you create an Arabidopsis plant that produces high levels of α-tocopherol in the seeds?

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Welcome back everybody. Our next problem says DNA editing refers to the process of intentionally changing the genetic code of an organism. Which of the following is a revolutionary gene editing tool that allows scientists to modify the DNA sequence of a particular gene in a cell choice. A agarose gel, electrophoresis B polymerase chain reaction or PC R C CRISPR CAS nine or D western blotting. Well, our answer here is going to be choice C CRISPR Cas nine. And that is a revolutionary tool that allows specific targeted DNA modification. It uses a G R N A A guide R N A to target the desired sequence where the protein cas nine cleaves the DNA and then the natural DNA repair mechanisms are used to generate the desired sequence. So let's just look at our other answer choices to understand why they're not correct choice. A agarose gel electrophoresis. This is just a technique to separate DNA fragments by size loading DNA samples onto an Agarose gel and then running an electrical current to cause those fragments to be separated. So this is a really important tool in all sorts of molecular biology but not a gene editing tool. So that's why that's not correct choice B PC R also a revolutionary technology allows the production of many copies of a spec desired DNA sequence. So using probes, you can amplify a specific DNA sequence and generate many copies of it from a very small sample. So a very important tool again in molecular biology, but not used as for gene editing. So that's why that's not our answer. And finally choice D Western body, it's a technique using labeled antibody probes to look for specific proteins. So you have a sample, you run it on a gel, it gets transferred to a membrane and then labeled antibody probes. Antibodies for the proteins of interest are used to find if those target proteins are in your sample but not a gene editing technique. So not our answer. So again, the revolutionary gene editing tool that allows scientists to modify the DNA sequence of a particular gene is choice C CRISPR cas nine. See you in the next video.

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Key Concepts

Tocopherols and Their Functions

Genetic Engineering in Plants

Gene Expression Regulation