Textbook Question
Answer the following questions about the accompanying diagram.
Does the diagram depict molecular activity in a bacterium or a eukaryote? Explain the reasoning for your answer.
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Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 40c
For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.
3′-AUG-5′
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Identify the codon sequence that pairs with the given tRNA anticodon. The anticodon 3′-AUG-5′ pairs with the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′, as base pairing between anticodon and codon follows complementary rules (A pairs with U, and G pairs with C).
Determine the amino acid carried by the tRNA. Use the genetic code table to find the amino acid corresponding to the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′. This codon specifies the amino acid Tyrosine (Tyr).
Determine the DNA coding strand sequence. The DNA coding strand is complementary to the template strand and identical to the mRNA sequence (except T replaces U). Therefore, the DNA coding strand sequence is 5′-TAC-3′.
Specify the polarity of the DNA coding strand. The DNA coding strand is written in the 5′ to 3′ direction, which is the standard convention for representing DNA sequences.
Summarize the relationships: The tRNA anticodon 3′-AUG-5′ pairs with the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′, which codes for Tyrosine (Tyr). The corresponding DNA coding strand sequence is 5′-TAC-3′.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
tRNA and Anticodons
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are essential for translating the genetic code into proteins. Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific codon on mRNA. The sequence of the anticodon determines which amino acid the tRNA carries, allowing for the correct incorporation of amino acids during protein synthesis.
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Codons and Amino Acids
Codons are sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid. The genetic code is universal, meaning that each codon corresponds to the same amino acid across different organisms. Understanding the relationship between codons and their corresponding amino acids is crucial for interpreting genetic information and protein synthesis.
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DNA Coding Strand and Polarity
The DNA coding strand is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA (except for thymine being replaced by uracil). It runs in a 5' to 3' direction, which is important for transcription and translation processes. The polarity of nucleic acids (5' to 3' direction) is fundamental for understanding how genetic information is read and synthesized.
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Guided course
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The Genetic Code
Related Practice
Textbook Question
For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.
3′-UAC-5′
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Textbook Question
For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.
3′-CCU-5′
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Textbook Question
Base-substitution mutations often change the amino acid specified by a codon. For each of the amino acid changes listed, determine which ones can result from a one–base-pair substitution. For those that can result from a one–base-pair substitution, give the possible wild-type and mutant codons, listing multiple possibilities if there is more than one option.
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Textbook Question
For the sequences given in the following list, indicate whether DNA replication, transcription, pre-mRNA processing, or translation will be most immediately affected by deletion of the sequence. As precisely as you can, specify what step of the process is directly affected by the deletion.
a. start codon
b. TATA box
c. 5' splice site
d. ori sequence
e. -10 consensus sequence
f. Shine–Dalgarno sequence
g. 5' cap
h. termination sequence
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