What is the name given to a small, organic nonprotein part of an enzyme that is involved in catalysis?

Question

Accepted Answer

Hi, everybody. And welcome back. Our next question says, co enzymes are the small organic non protein parts of an enzyme that are involved in catalysis. Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics and functions of co enzymes select all that apply. So we have four different statements that we'll evaluate. And our answer choices are a two and three, B three and four, C one and four or D 23 and four. So let's start with statement. One. It says co enzymes bind permanently to enzymes and cannot be released after the reaction. Well, this one is incorrect. Co enzymes bind only temporarily to the enzyme to aid in the catalysis and they are released after the reaction to be used again. So like enzymes, they can be reused. So you only need a small amount of present, unlike for instance, the amount of substrate you need, since they can be reused again and again. So since statement one is incorrect, we can cross out choice C which has one and four. Is that correct statements? Now, let's look at statement, two co enzymes often serve as carriers of electrons, atoms or functional groups in enzymatic reactions. And this is correct. So this is how they end up functioning without being changed because they are essentially carriers, sort of ferrying these necessary items to the enzyme that are necessary for catalysis. But they are not fundamentally changed by carrying this and then they get recharged afterwards. And of course, we can think of a really common coenzyme N AD plus which can get um electrons can ferry electrons becoming an A DH as it gains, the electrons deliver them become N AD plus again and then can pick up electrons again. So it does get changed but not permanently and they don't bind permanently but are released to be sort of recharged with the group that they're carrying. So statement two is correct. So we'll cross out choice B which has only three and four. So now we need to value number three, we know number three must be correct actually, since A and D both have three as a correct statement, but this is a practice problem. So we'll be thorough here. Statement three says co enzymes are typically derived from vitamins and play essential roles in enzyme activity. And this is correct. It's why vitamins are often necessary because we need the coenzyme to make certain enzymes in our bodies function since the enzyme cannot function without them. Examples, as we mentioned, N AD plus is derived from the vitamin niacin and F ad another electron carrier derived from the vitamin riboflavin. So as we knew, choice three is correct. And finally, or, or excuse me, statement three is correct. But again, both A and D have that. So finally, let's look at statement four, co enzymes do not alter the enzymes overall structure but assist in facilitating a reaction. And this is correct. They don't affect the enzymes, amino acid sequence. They don't affect its 3d structure. They just bring in something that's essential for the enzyme to function. So choice D will be our correct answer won't rule out choice. A since it doesn't have statement four. And our correct answer here as to the statements that accurately describe the characteristics and functions of co enzymes is choice D statements 23 and four. See you in the next video.

What is the name given to a small, organic nonprotein part of an enzyme that is involved in catalysis?

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Key Concepts

Cofactor

Coenzyme

Enzyme Catalysis