Textbook Question
What is the osmolarity of the following solutions?
a. 0.35 M KBr
b. 0.15 M glucose + 0.05 M K2SO4
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Ch.9 Solutions
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 9, Problem 27
Assume that two liquids are separated by a semipermeable membrane, with pure solvent on the right side and a solution of a solute on the left side. Make a drawing that shows the situation after equilibrium is reached.
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Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration (pure solvent) to a region of higher solute concentration (solution). This process continues until equilibrium is reached.
Step 2: Analyze the image provided. The left side contains a solution with solute particles (purple spheres) mixed with solvent particles (gray spheres), while the right side contains only solvent particles. The semipermeable membrane allows only solvent molecules to pass through, not solute molecules.
Step 3: Predict the equilibrium state. At equilibrium, the solvent molecules will move from the right side (pure solvent) to the left side (solution) to dilute the solute concentration. This will result in a higher liquid level on the left side due to the net movement of solvent molecules.
Step 4: Draw the equilibrium situation. The left side will have a higher liquid level with a mixture of solute and solvent particles, while the right side will have a lower liquid level with only solvent particles. The semipermeable membrane remains in place, separating the two sides.
Step 5: Label the drawing. Clearly indicate the semipermeable membrane, the solute particles, the solvent particles, and the liquid levels on both sides to show the result of osmosis at equilibrium.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Semipermeable Membrane
A semipermeable membrane is a barrier that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through while blocking others. In the context of osmosis, it permits the movement of solvent molecules (like water) but restricts solute particles (like salts or sugars). This selective permeability is crucial for maintaining concentration gradients between two solutions.
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1:00
Cell Membranes Example 1
Osmosis
Osmosis is the process by which solvent molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This movement continues until equilibrium is reached, where the concentrations of solute are equal on both sides of the membrane. Osmosis is vital for many biological processes, including nutrient absorption and waste removal.
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00:38Osmosis Example 1
Equilibrium
Equilibrium in the context of osmosis refers to the state where the concentrations of solute on both sides of the semipermeable membrane become equal, resulting in no net movement of solvent molecules. At this point, the rates of osmosis in both directions are balanced, and the system is stable. Understanding equilibrium is essential for predicting the behavior of solutions in biological and chemical systems.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
A typical oral rehydration solution (ORS) for infants contains 90 mEq/L Na+ , 20 mEq/L K+ , 110 mEq/L Cl- , and 2.0% (m/v) glucose (MW = 180g/mol)
a. Calculate the concentration of each ORS component in units of molarity.
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Textbook Question
A typical oral rehydration solution (ORS) for infants contains 90 mEq/L Na+, 20 mEq/L K+, 110 mEq/L Cl– and 2.0% (m/v) glucose (MW = 180g/mol).
b. What is the osmolarity of the solution, and how does it compare with the osmolarity of blood plasma?
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Textbook Question
When 1 mol of HCl is added to 1 kg of water, the boiling point increases by 1.0 °C, but when 1 mol of acetic acid, CH3CO2H is added to 1 kg of water, the boiling point increases by only 0.5 °C. Explain.
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Textbook Question
HF is a weak electrolyte and HBr is a strong electrolyte. Which of the curves in the figure represents the change in the boiling point of an aqueous solution when 1 mole of HF is added to 1 kg of water, and which represents the change when 1 mol of HBr is added?
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Textbook Question
How can you tell a solution from a colloid?
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