Textbook Question
Review the 10 steps in glycolysis and then answer the following questions:
c. Which step is a dehydration?
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Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 22, Problem 47c
How many moles of ATP are produced by phosphorylation in the following?
c. Catabolism of 1 mol of acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the context: The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) is a central metabolic pathway that generates energy. When 1 mole of acetyl-CoA enters the cycle, it produces reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) and GTP, which are later used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Determine the products of the citric acid cycle for 1 mole of acetyl-CoA: Each cycle produces 3 moles of NADH, 1 mole of FADH2, and 1 mole of GTP (which is equivalent to 1 mole of ATP).
Calculate the ATP yield from NADH: Each mole of NADH generates approximately 2.5 moles of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. Multiply the 3 moles of NADH by 2.5 to determine the ATP contribution from NADH.
Calculate the ATP yield from FADH2: Each mole of FADH2 generates approximately 1.5 moles of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. Multiply the 1 mole of FADH2 by 1.5 to determine the ATP contribution from FADH2.
Add the ATP contributions: Sum the ATP from NADH, FADH2, and the 1 mole of GTP (equivalent to ATP) to find the total number of moles of ATP produced from the catabolism of 1 mole of acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of enzymatic reactions that occur in the mitochondria. It plays a crucial role in cellular respiration by oxidizing acetyl-CoA to produce energy-rich molecules, including NADH and FADH2, which are later used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.
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Citric Acid Cycle Summary Concept 12
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolite in energy production and biosynthesis. It is formed from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and serves as the primary substrate for the citric acid cycle, where it is converted into carbon dioxide and high-energy electron carriers, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis.
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ATP Yield
The ATP yield from the catabolism of acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle is typically around 10 ATP molecules per acetyl-CoA. This includes ATP generated directly through substrate-level phosphorylation and the ATP produced indirectly via oxidative phosphorylation from the NADH and FADH2 generated during the cycle.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
How many moles of ATP are produced by phosphorylation in the following?
a. Glycolysis of 1 mol of glucose
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Textbook Question
How many moles of ATP are produced by phosphorylation in the following?
b. Aerobic conversion of 1 mol of pyruvate to 1 mol of acetyl-CoA
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Textbook Question
Lactate can be converted into pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NAD+. Write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved arrow to show the involvement of NAD+.
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Textbook Question
Differentiate between blood sugar levels and resulting symptoms in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
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Textbook Question
Why does glycogenolysis use fewer steps than the reverse process, glycogenesis? Which process uses less energy?
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