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Table of contents
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1. Introduction to Microbiology
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Worksheet
Introduction to Microbiology
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Introduction to Taxonomy
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Scientific Naming of Organisms
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Members of the Bacterial World
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Introduction to Bacteria
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Introduction to Archaea
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Introduction to Eukarya
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Acellular Infectious Agents: Viruses, Viroids & Prions
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Importance of Microorganisms
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Scientific Method
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Experimental Design
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2. Disproving Spontaneous Generation
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Worksheet
Introduction to Spontaneous Generation
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Francesco Redi's Experiments
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Needham vs. Spallanzani
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Pasteur's Experiments on Spontaneous Generation
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John Tyndall's Experiment
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History of Spontaneous Generation Summarized
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3. Chemical Principles of Microbiology
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Worksheet
Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter
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Isotopes
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Introduction to Chemical Bonding
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Covalent Bonds
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Noncovalent Bonds
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Ionic Bonding
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Hydrogen Bonding
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4. Water
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Worksheet
Introduction to Water
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Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion
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Properties of Water- Density
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Properties of Water- Thermal
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Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent
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Acids and Bases
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pH Scale
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5. Molecules of Microbiology
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Worksheet
Carbon
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Functional Groups
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Introduction to Biomolecules
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Monomers & Polymers
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Carbohydrates
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Proteins
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Nucleic Acids
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Lipids
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6. Cell Membrane & Transport
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Worksheet
Cell Envelope & Biological Membranes
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Bacterial & Eukaryotic Cell Membranes
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Archaeal Cell Membranes
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Types of Membrane Proteins
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Concentration Gradients and Diffusion
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Introduction to Membrane Transport
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Passive vs. Active Transport
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Osmosis
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Simple and Facilitated Diffusion
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Active Transport
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ABC Transporters
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Group Translocation
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Types of Small Molecule Transport Review
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Endocytosis and Exocytosis
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7. Prokaryotic Cell Structures & Functions
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Worksheet
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
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Binary Fission
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Generation Times
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Bacterial Cell Morphology & Arrangements
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Overview of Prokaryotic Cell Structure
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Introduction to Bacterial Cell Walls
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Gram-Positive Cell Walls
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Gram-Negative Cell Walls
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Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Cell Walls
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The Glycocalyx: Capsules & Slime Layers
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Introduction to Biofilms
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Pili
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Fimbriae & Hami
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Introduction to Prokaryotic Flagella
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Prokaryotic Flagellar Structure
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Prokaryotic Flagellar Movement
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Proton Motive Force Drives Flagellar Motility
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Chemotaxis
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Review of Prokaryotic Surface Structures
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Prokaryotic Ribosomes
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Introduction to Bacterial Plasmids
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Cell Inclusions
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Endospores
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Sporulation
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Germination
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8. Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Functions
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Worksheet
Mitosis & Meiosis
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Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles
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Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion
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Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles
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Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
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Endosymbiotic Theory
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Introduction to the Cytoskeleton
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Eukaryotic Cilia & Flagella
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Cell Junctions
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9. Microscopes
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Worksheet
Introduction to Microscopes
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Magnification, Resolution, & Contrast
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Introduction to Light Microscopy
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Light Microscopy: Bright-Field Microscopes
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Light Microscopes that Increase Contrast
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Light Microscopes that Detect Fluorescence
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Electron Microscopes
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Reviewing the Different Types of Microscopes
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Introduction to Staining
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Simple Staining
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Differential Staining
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Other Types of Staining
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Reviewing the Types of Staining
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Gram Stain
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10. Dynamics of Microbial Growth
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Worksheet
Biofilms
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Growing a Pure Culture
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Microbial Growth Curves in a Closed System
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Temperature Requirements for Microbial Growth
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Oxygen Requirements for Microbial Growth
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pH Requirements for Microbial Growth
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Osmolarity Factors for Microbial Growth
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Reviewing the Environmental Factors of Microbial Growth
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Nutritional Factors of Microbial Growth
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Growth Factors
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Introduction to Cultivating Microbial Growth
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Types of Solid Culture Media
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Plating Methods
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Measuring Growth by Direct Cell Counts
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Measuring Growth by Plate Counts
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Measuring Growth by Membrane Filtration
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Measuring Growth by Biomass
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Introduction to the Types of Culture Media
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Chemically Defined Media
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Complex Media
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Selective Media
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Differential Media
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Reducing Media
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Enrichment Media
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Reviewing the Types of Culture Media
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11. Controlling Microbial Growth
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Worksheet
Introduction to Controlling Microbial Growth
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Selecting a Method to Control Microbial Growth
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Physical Methods to Control Microbial Growth
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Review of Physical Methods to Control Microbial Growth
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Chemical Methods to Control Microbial Growth
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Chemicals Used to Control Microbial Growth
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Liquid Chemicals: Alcohols, Aldehydes, & Biguanides
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Liquid Chemicals: Halogens
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Liquid Chemicals: Surface-Active Agents
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Other Types of Liquid Chemicals
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Chemical Gases: Ethylene Oxide, Ozone, & Formaldehyde
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Review of Chemicals Used to Control Microbial Growth
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Chemical Preservation of Perishable Products
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12. Microbial Metabolism
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Worksheet
Introduction to Energy
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Laws of Thermodynamics
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Chemical Reactions
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ATP
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Enzymes
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Enzyme Activation Energy
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Enzyme Binding Factors
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Enzyme Inhibition
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Introduction to Metabolism
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Negative & Positive Feedback
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Redox Reactions
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Introduction to Aerobic Cellular Respiration
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Types of Phosphorylation
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Glycolysis
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Entner-Doudoroff Pathway
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Pentose-Phosphate Pathway
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Pyruvate Oxidation
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Krebs Cycle
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Electron Transport Chain
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Chemiosmosis
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Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
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Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration
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13. Photosynthesis
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Worksheet
Introduction to Photosynthesis
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Leaf & Chloroplast Anatomy
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Pigments of Photosynthesis
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Stages of Photosynthesis
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Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
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Cyclic vs. Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation
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Calvin Cycle
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Prokaryotic Photosynthesis
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14. DNA Replication
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Worksheet
The Griffith Experiment
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The Hershey-Chase Experiment
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Chargaff's Rules
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Discovering the Structure of DNA
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Meselson-Stahl Experiment
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Introduction to DNA Replication
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DNA Polymerases
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Leading & Lagging DNA Strands
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Steps of DNA Replication
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DNA Repair
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15. Central Dogma & Gene Regulation
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Worksheet
Central Dogma
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Introduction to Transcription
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Steps of Transcription
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Transcription Termination in Prokaryotes
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Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing
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Introduction to Types of RNA
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Genetic Code
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Introduction to Translation
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Steps of Translation
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Review of Transcription vs. Translation
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Prokaryotic Gene Expression
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Review of Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Gene Expression
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Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression
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Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons
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The Lac Operon
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Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon
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The Trp Operon
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Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon
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Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
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Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications
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Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control
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Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation
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Post-Translational Modification
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Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation
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16. Microbial Genetics
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Worksheet
Introduction to Microbial Genetics
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Introduction to Mutations
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Methods of Inducing Mutations
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Prototrophs vs. Auxotrophs
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Mutant Detection
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The Ames Test
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Introduction to DNA Repair
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DNA Repair Mechanisms
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Horizontal Gene Transfer
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Bacterial Transformation
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Transduction
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Introduction to Conjugation
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Conjugation: F Plasmids
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Conjugation: Hfr & F' Cells
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Genome Variability
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CRISPR CAS
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17. Biotechnology
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Worksheet
Introduction to DNA-Based Technology
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Introduction to DNA Cloning
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Steps to DNA Cloning
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Introduction to Polymerase Chain Reaction
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The Steps of PCR
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Gel Electrophoresis
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Southern Blotting
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DNA Fingerprinting
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Introduction to DNA Sequencing
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Dideoxy Sequencing
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18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions
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Worksheet
Introduction to Viruses
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Introduction to Bacteriophage Infections
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Bacteriophage: Lytic Phage Infections
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Bacteriophage: Lysogenic Phage Infections
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Bacteriophage: Filamentous Phage Infections
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Plaque Assays
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Introduction to Animal Virus Infections
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Animal Viruses: 1. Attachment to the Host Cell
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Animal Viruses: 2. Entry & Uncoating in the Host Cell
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Animal Viruses: 3. Synthesis & Replication
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Animal Viruses: DNA Virus Synthesis & Replication
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Animal Viruses: RNA Virus Synthesis & Replication
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Animal Viruses: Antigenic Drift vs. Antigenic Shift
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Animal Viruses: Reverse-Transcribing Virus Synthesis & Replication
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Animal Viruses: 4. Assembly Inside Host Cell
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Animal Viruses: 5. Release from Host Cell
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Acute vs. Persistent Viral Infections
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COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
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Plant Viruses
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Viroids
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Prions
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19. Innate Immunity
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Worksheet
Introduction to Immunity
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Introduction to Innate Immunity
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Introduction to First-Line Defenses
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Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Skin
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Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Mucous Membrane
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First-Line Defenses: Chemical Barriers
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First-Line Defenses: Normal Microflora
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Introduction to Cells of the Immune System
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Cells of the Immune System: Granulocytes
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Cells of the Immune System: Agranulocytes
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Introduction to Cell Communication
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Cell Communication: Surface Receptors & Adhesion Molecules
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Cell Communication: Cytokines
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Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
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Introduction to the Complement System
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Activation Pathways of the Complement System
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Effects of the Complement System
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Review of the Complement System
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Phagoctytosis
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Introduction to Inflammation
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Steps of the Inflammatory Response
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Fever
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Interferon Response
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20. Adaptive Immunity
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Worksheet
Introduction to Adaptive Immunity
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Antigens
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Introduction to T Lymphocytes
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Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
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Activation of T Lymphocytes
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Functions of T Lymphocytes
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Review of Cytotoxic vs Helper T Cells
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Introduction to B Lymphocytes
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Antibodies
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Classes of Antibodies
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Outcomes of Antibody Binding to Antigen
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T Dependent & T Independent Antigens
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Clonal Selection
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Antibody Class Switching
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Affinity Maturation
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Primary and Secondary Response of Adaptive Immunity
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Immune Tolerance
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Regulatory T Cells
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Natural Killer Cells
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Review of Adaptive Immunity
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21. Principles of Disease
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Worksheet
Symbiotic Relationships
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The Human Microbiome
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Characteristics of Infectious Disease
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Stages of Infectious Disease Progression
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Koch's Postulates
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Molecular Koch's Postulates
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Bacterial Pathogenesis
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Introduction to Pathogenic Toxins
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Exotoxins Cause Damage to the Host
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Endotoxin Causes Damage to the Host
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Exotoxins vs. Endotoxin Review
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Immune Response Damage to the Host
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Introduction to Avoiding Host Defense Mechanisms
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1) Hide Within Host Cells
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2) Avoiding Phagocytosis
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3) Surviving Inside Phagocytic Cells
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4) Avoiding Complement System
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5) Avoiding Antibodies
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Viruses Evade the Immune Response
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