Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds:
(c) (CH₃)₂CHCOOCH₃
(d) CH₃CHCHCOCl

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the central atoms in each compound. For (CH3)2CHCOOCH3, the central atoms are the carbon atoms. For CH3CHCHCOCl, the central atoms are also the carbon atoms.
2. Step 2: Determine the connectivity of atoms. In (CH3)2CHCOOCH3, the structure can be broken down as two CH3 groups attached to a CH group, which is connected to a carbonyl group (C=O) and an OCH3 group. In CH3CHCHCOCl, the structure consists of a CH3 group attached to a CH group, which is connected to another CH group, followed by a carbonyl group (C=O) and a Cl atom.
3. Step 3: Draw the Lewis structure for each compound. Start by placing the central atoms and then add the surrounding atoms. Ensure that each carbon atom forms four bonds, oxygen forms two bonds, and chlorine forms one bond.
4. Step 4: Add lone pairs to the oxygen and chlorine atoms. Oxygen typically has two lone pairs, and chlorine has three lone pairs in these structures.
5. Step 5: Classify each compound. (CH3)2CHCOOCH3 is an ester, as it contains a carbonyl group adjacent to an ether linkage (C-O-C). CH3CHCHCOCl is an acyl chloride, characterized by a carbonyl group bonded to a chlorine atom.

Key Concepts

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are essential for visualizing the arrangement of atoms, the distribution of electrons, and the types of bonds (single, double, or triple) in a molecule. Understanding Lewis structures helps predict molecular geometry, reactivity, and properties.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have characteristic properties and chemical reactivity. In organic chemistry, recognizing functional groups like esters, alcohols, and carboxylic acids is crucial for classifying compounds and predicting their behavior in chemical reactions. For example, in (CH3)2CHCOOCH3, the COOCH3 part is an ester group.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a standardized way to name compounds based on their structure, ensuring clear communication. Understanding IUPAC rules helps in identifying and classifying compounds, such as recognizing that CH3CHCHCOCl contains an acyl chloride group.