5. Chirality

Given a molecule with three chiral centers and no internal plane of symmetry, what is the maximum number of stereoisomers possible for this molecule ($2^{\mathrm{n}}$ where $n$ is the number of chiral centers)?

Given the compound $C_4{H}_8{\mathrm{Cl}}_2$ (2,3-dichlorobutane), determine the number of possible stereoisomers.

Which of the following describes stereoisomers?

Compound 1 has two chiral centers and no plane of symmetry. How many stereoisomers of compound 1 exist?

Which of the following pairs of compounds represent the same stereoisomer?

Given a compound with the constitution $C_4{H}_8$ that contains two double bonds (i.e., a diene), how many stereoisomers are possible for this compound?

Which of the following compounds can have stereoisomers?

When determining the number of possible isomers for a given molecular formula $C{n}_{x}H{n}_y$ while ignoring the possibility of stereoisomers, which type of isomer is being counted?

Give the relationships between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are as follows: same ­compound, cis-trans isomers, constitutional (structural) isomers, and not isomers (different molecular formula).

(a) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ and (CH₃)₃CH

(b) CH₂=CH–CH₂Cl and CHCl=CH–CH₃

For each pair of structures, determine whether they represent different compounds or a single compound.

Give the relationship between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are:

same compound

constitutional isomers (structural isomers)

cis-trans isomers

not isomers (different molecular formula)

(a)

(b)

(c)

Give the relationship between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are:

same compound

constitutional isomers (structural isomers)

cis-trans isomers

not isomers (different molecular formula)

(j)

(k)

Give the relationships between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are as follows: same ­compound, cis-trans isomers, constitutional (structural) isomers, and not isomers (different molecular formula).

(c)

(d)

Define the relationship between each set of two molecules as chain isomers, positional isomers, functional group isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, conformational isomers, or identical

(a)