Of the neurons in the retina, the axons of which of these form the optic nerve?
a. Bipolar cells
b. Ganglion cells
c. Cone cells
d. Horizontal cells

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the structure of the retina and the types of neurons it contains. The retina has several types of neurons including photoreceptor cells (rods and cones), bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.
2. Step 2: Identify the role of each neuron type. Photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) detect light and convert it into electrical signals. Bipolar cells receive signals from photoreceptors and transmit them to ganglion cells. Horizontal cells help integrate and regulate input from multiple photoreceptors. Ganglion cells receive input from bipolar cells and are responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain.
3. Step 3: Recall that the optic nerve is formed by the axons of the neurons that carry visual information from the retina to the brain. Among the retinal neurons, only the ganglion cells have axons that extend out of the retina to form the optic nerve.
4. Step 4: Therefore, the axons of the ganglion cells converge to form the optic nerve, which transmits visual signals to the brain for processing.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is the ganglion cells, as their axons form the optic nerve.

Key Concepts

Retinal Neuron Types

The retina contains several types of neurons including photoreceptors (rods and cones), bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. Each type has a specific role in processing visual information before it is transmitted to the brain.

Ganglion Cells and the Optic Nerve

Ganglion cells are the final output neurons of the retina. Their axons bundle together to form the optic nerve, which carries visual information from the eye to the brain for processing.

Function of Bipolar, Cone, and Horizontal Cells

Bipolar cells transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells, cone cells are photoreceptors responsible for color vision, and horizontal cells integrate and regulate input from multiple photoreceptors. None of these cells' axons form the optic nerve.