Textbook Question
Which of the following is common to the development of both birds and mammals?
a. Holoblastic cleavage
b. Epiblast and hypoblast
c. Trophoblast
d. Gray crescent
875
views
Ch. 47 - Animal Development
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311
Not the one you use?Change textbookSelect a different textbook
Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle10
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance7
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth6
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life7
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea8
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants7
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development8
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition10
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System6
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction8
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology10
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 47, Problem 5
If an egg cell were treated with EDTA, a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions,
a. The acrosomal reaction would be blocked.
b. The fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked.
c. The fast block to polyspermy would not occur.
d. The fertilization envelope would not form.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of calcium and magnesium ions in fertilization. These ions are crucial for various processes during fertilization, including the acrosomal reaction, fusion of sperm and egg nuclei, and formation of the fertilization envelope.
Consider the acrosomal reaction, which is the release of enzymes from the sperm's acrosome that allows it to penetrate the egg. Calcium ions are essential for this process, so binding them with EDTA could block the acrosomal reaction.
Examine the fusion of sperm and egg nuclei. This process requires calcium ions for the activation of the egg and subsequent fusion. If EDTA binds these ions, the fusion might be inhibited.
Explore the fast block to polyspermy, which prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing the egg. This involves changes in the egg's membrane potential, often mediated by calcium ions. EDTA binding could prevent this fast block from occurring.
Analyze the formation of the fertilization envelope, a process that involves the release of cortical granules and is dependent on calcium ions. If EDTA binds these ions, the fertilization envelope might not form.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Video duration:
1mWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Acrosomal Reaction
The acrosomal reaction is a crucial step in fertilization where enzymes are released from the sperm's acrosome to penetrate the egg's outer layers. This process requires calcium ions, which facilitate the fusion of the sperm with the egg's plasma membrane. Without calcium, the acrosomal reaction cannot proceed, preventing sperm from entering the egg.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:56
Chemical Reactions
Fast Block to Polyspermy
The fast block to polyspermy is a rapid response that prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing an egg. It involves a change in the egg's membrane potential, triggered by the influx of sodium ions, which is dependent on calcium ions. This electrical change prevents additional sperm from fusing with the egg after the first successful fertilization.
Recommended video:
Guided course
03:35Carbon is an Excellent Building Block
Fertilization Envelope Formation
The fertilization envelope is a protective layer that forms around the egg after fertilization to prevent polyspermy. This process is initiated by the release of calcium ions, which trigger the cortical reaction, leading to the hardening of the vitelline layer into a fertilization envelope. Without calcium, this protective barrier cannot form, leaving the egg vulnerable to multiple sperm entries.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:59Fertilization
Related Practice
Textbook Question
The archenteron develops into
a. The mesoderm.
b. The endoderm.
c. The placenta.
d. The lumen of the digestive tract.
1536
views
Textbook Question
What structural adaptation in chickens allows them to lay their eggs in arid environments rather than in water?
a. Extraembryonic membranes
b. Yolk
c. Cleavage
d. Gastrulation
905
views
Textbook Question
In humans, identical twins are possible because
a. Extraembryonic cells interact with the zygote nucleus.
b. Convergent extension occurs.
c. Early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated.
d. The gray crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells.
1442
views
Textbook Question
Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog embryo to the ventral part of another embryo develop into nervous system tissues. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were
a. Totipotent.
b. Determined.
c. Differentiated.
d. Mesenchymal.
1340
views
Textbook Question
Each blue circle in the figure below represents a cell in a cell lineage. Draw two modified versions of the cell lineage so that each version produces three cells. Use apoptosis in one of the versions, marking any dead cells with an X.
935
views