Arrange each of the following sets of atoms and ions in order of increasing size. Se2−,Te2−, Se

True or false? c. S2− is larger than K+.

In the ionic compounds LiF, NaCl, KBr, and RbI, the measured cation–anion distances are 2.01 Å (Li–F), 2.82 Å (Na–Cl), 3.30 Å (K–Br), and 3.67 Å (Rb–I), respectively. c. What estimates of the cation–anion distance would you obtain for these four compounds using neutral atom bonding atomic radii? Are these estimates as accurate as the estimates using ionic radii?

Write the electron configurations for the following ions, and determine which have noble-gas configurations.

a. Ru3+

b. As3−

c. Y3+

d. Pd2+

e. Pb2+

f. Au3+

Which of the ions Ni2+, Fe2+, Co3+, and Pt2+ has an electron configuration of 𝑛𝑑6(𝑛=3,4,5,…)?

a. Ni2+

b. Fe2+

c. Co3+

d. Pt2+

e. More than one of these

a. Write an equation for the second electron affinity of chlorine.

b. Would you predict a positive or a negative quantity for this process?

rue or false: If the electron affinity for an element is a negative number, then the anion of the element is more stable than the neutral atom.

Write equations that show the processes that describe the first, second, and third ionization energies of an aluminum atom. Which process would require the least amount of energy?

Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which atom of the following pairs will have the smaller first ionization energy: (a) Br, Kr (b) C, Ca (c) Li, Rb (d) S, Ge (e) Al, B.

Write equations that show the process for a. the first two ionization energies of lead and b. the fourth ionization energy of zirconium.

Which element has the highest second ionization energy: Li, K, or Be?

Identify each statement as true or false.

a. Ionization energies are always negative quantities.

b. Oxygen has a larger first ionization energy than fluorine.

c. The second ionization energy of an atom is always greater than its first ionization energy.

d. The third ionization energy is the energy needed to ionize three electrons from a neutral atom.

Pick the correct word to complete the sentence: The larger the atom, the (smaller/larger) its first ionization energy.

Which element in the periodic table has the largest first ionization energy?

Would a neutral K atom or a K+ ion have a more negative value of electron affinity?

Consider the following equation:

Ca+(𝑔)+e−⟶Ca(𝑔)

Which of the following statements are true?

i. The energy change for this process is the electron affinity of the Ca+ ion.

ii. The energy change for this process is the negative of the first ionization energy of the Ca atom.

iii. The energy change for this process is the negative of the electron affinity of the Ca atom.

a. Only statement i is true.

b. Only statement ii is true.

c. Only statement iii is true.

d. Only statements i and ii are true.

e. All three statements are true.

True or false: Because elements that form cations are metals, and elements that form anions are nonmetals, elements that do not form ions are metalloids.

Predict whether each of the following oxides is ionic or molecular: SnO₂, Al₂O₃, CO₂, Li₂O, Fe₂O₃, H₂O.

Would you expect manganese(II) oxide, MnO, to react more readily with HCl(aq) or NaOH(aq)?

Arrange the following oxides in order of increasing acidity: CO2,CaO,Al2O3,SO3,SiO2,P2O5.

Chlorine reacts with oxygen to form Cl2O7. (a) What is the name of this product (see Table 2.6)?

Chlorine reacts with oxygen to form Cl2O7. (b) Write a balanced equation for the formation of Cl2O71l2 from the elements.

Chlorine reacts with oxygen to form Cl2O7. (c) Would you expect Cl2O7 to be more reactive toward H+1aq2 or OH-1aq2?

An element X reacts with oxygen to form XO₂ and with chlorine to form XCl₄. XO₂ is a white solid that melts at high temperatures (above 1000 °C). Under usual conditions, XCl₄ is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 58 °C. (a) XCl₄ reacts with water to form XO₂ and another product. What is the likely identity of the other product?

An element X reacts with oxygen to form XO₂ and with chlorine to form XCl₄. XO₂ is a white solid that melts at high temperatures (above 1000 °C). Under usual conditions, XCl₄ is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 58 °C. (b) Do you think that element X is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

Write balanced equations for the following reactions. a. barium oxide with water

Write balanced equations for the following reactions. c. sulfur trioxide with water

Write balanced equations for the following reactions. d. selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (a) Potassium metal is exposed to an atmosphere of chlorine gas.