Control rods in a nuclear reactor are often made of boron because it absorbs neutrons. Write the nuclear equation in which boron-10 absorbs a neutron to produce lithium-7 and an alpha particle.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the reactants in the nuclear reaction. In this case, boron-10 (B-10) and a neutron (n) are the reactants.
2. Write the symbols for the reactants. Boron-10 is represented as \(^{10}_{5}B\) and a neutron is represented as \(^{1}_{0}n\).
3. Identify the products of the reaction. According to the problem, the products are lithium-7 (Li-7) and an alpha particle.
4. Write the symbols for the products. Lithium-7 is represented as \(^{7}_{3}Li\) and an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus, is represented as \(^{4}_{2}He\).
5. Combine the reactants and products into a nuclear equation, ensuring that the atomic numbers and mass numbers are balanced on both sides of the equation.

Key Concepts

Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear reactions involve changes in an atom's nucleus, resulting in the transformation of elements. These reactions can include the absorption or emission of particles, such as neutrons or alpha particles. Understanding nuclear reactions is essential for analyzing processes in nuclear reactors, where elements can change identity and release energy.

Neutron Absorption

Neutron absorption occurs when a nucleus captures a neutron, leading to a change in its atomic structure. This process is crucial in nuclear reactors, as materials like boron are used to control the reaction rate by absorbing excess neutrons, thereby preventing runaway reactions. The ability of certain isotopes to absorb neutrons effectively is a key factor in reactor design.

Nuclear Equation

A nuclear equation represents the transformation of elements during a nuclear reaction, showing the reactants and products involved. It typically includes the symbols for the isotopes, their atomic numbers, and mass numbers. Writing a nuclear equation requires balancing the total number of nucleons and charge on both sides, ensuring the conservation of mass and energy in the reaction.