Write the formula for each of the following compounds, and indicate the oxidation state of the halogen: (a) Bromic acid (b) Hypoiodous acid.

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Identify the chemical formula for bromic acid. Bromic acid is an oxoacid of bromine, and its formula is HBrO_3.

Determine the oxidation state of bromine in bromic acid. In HBrO_3, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1, and oxygen has an oxidation state of -2. Use the formula: \( +1 + x + 3(-2) = 0 \) to solve for the oxidation state of bromine (x).

Identify the chemical formula for hypoiodous acid. Hypoiodous acid is an oxoacid of iodine, and its formula is HIO.

Determine the oxidation state of iodine in hypoiodous acid. In HIO, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1, and oxygen has an oxidation state of -2. Use the formula: \( +1 + x + (-2) = 0 \) to solve for the oxidation state of iodine (x).

Summarize the findings: Provide the chemical formulas and the calculated oxidation states for bromic acid and hypoiodous acid.

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Oxidation States

Oxidation states indicate the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound, reflecting the number of electrons lost or gained. For halogens, common oxidation states include -1, +1, +3, +5, and +7, depending on the compound. Understanding oxidation states is crucial for determining the reactivity and properties of compounds, especially in acids and their derivatives.

Acid Formulas

The formula of an acid typically consists of hydrogen ions (H+) combined with an anion. In the case of bromic acid (HBrO3) and hypoiodous acid (HIO), the anions are derived from bromine and iodine, respectively. Recognizing the structure of these acids helps in writing their correct chemical formulas and understanding their behavior in reactions.

Halogen Chemistry

Halogens are a group of elements in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for their high reactivity and tendency to form acids with hydrogen. The chemistry of halogens involves various oxidation states and the formation of different types of acids, such as oxoacids. Familiarity with halogen behavior is essential for predicting the properties and reactions of compounds like bromic and hypoiodous acids.