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Ch.4 - Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions
Chapter 4, Problem 119b

Treatment of gold metal with BrF3 and KF produces Br2 and KAuF4, a salt of gold. Find the mass of the gold salt that forms when a 73.5-g mixture of equal masses of all three reactants is prepared.

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Determine the mass of each reactant in the mixture. Since the mixture is composed of equal masses of BrF_3, KF, and Au, divide the total mass of the mixture (73.5 g) by 3 to find the mass of each reactant.
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: Au + BrF_3 + KF \rightarrow Br_2 + KAuF_4.
Calculate the moles of each reactant using their respective molar masses. Use the formula: \text{moles} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}}.
Identify the limiting reactant by comparing the mole ratio of the reactants to the coefficients in the balanced equation. The reactant that produces the least amount of product is the limiting reactant.
Calculate the mass of KAuF_4 formed using the moles of the limiting reactant and the molar mass of KAuF_4. Use the stoichiometry from the balanced equation to find the moles of KAuF_4 produced, then convert to mass.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions. It involves using balanced chemical equations to determine the proportions of substances consumed and produced. In this case, understanding the stoichiometric relationships between gold, BrF3, and KF is essential to calculate the mass of KAuF4 formed from the given mixture.
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Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is crucial for converting between the mass of reactants and products and the number of moles involved in a reaction. To find the mass of KAuF4 produced, one must calculate the molar masses of the reactants and the product to facilitate these conversions.
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Limiting Reactant

The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, thus determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed. Identifying the limiting reactant in the reaction between gold, BrF3, and KF is vital for accurately calculating the mass of KAuF4 produced from the 73.5-g mixture.
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Textbook Question

Treatment of gold metal with BrF3 and KF produces Br2 and KAuF4, a salt of gold. Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in this reaction.

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