Draw the Lewis structure for BrF with an arrow representing the dipole moment. Refer to Figure 9.10 to estimate the percent ionic character of the BrF bond.

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Draw the Lewis structure for BrF: Start by identifying the total number of valence electrons. Bromine (Br) has 7 valence electrons, and fluorine (F) also has 7 valence electrons, giving a total of 14 valence electrons.

Place Br and F next to each other and draw a single bond between them, which uses 2 electrons.

Distribute the remaining 12 electrons to complete the octets around Br and F. Each atom should have 8 electrons around it, including the bonding pair.

Draw an arrow to represent the dipole moment: Since fluorine is more electronegative than bromine, the arrow should point from Br to F, indicating the direction of the dipole moment.

Estimate the percent ionic character: Use Figure 9.10 to find the electronegativity difference between Br and F. Use this difference to estimate the percent ionic character of the bond.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They use dots to represent valence electrons and lines to indicate bonds between atoms. Understanding how to draw Lewis structures is essential for visualizing molecular geometry and predicting the behavior of molecules in chemical reactions.

Dipole Moment

A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule, indicating its polarity. It is represented by an arrow pointing from the positive end to the negative end of the molecule. The presence of a dipole moment affects the physical properties of substances, such as solubility and boiling point, and is crucial for understanding molecular interactions.

Percent Ionic Character

Percent ionic character quantifies the degree to which a bond between two atoms exhibits ionic characteristics, as opposed to covalent characteristics. It is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms; a larger difference indicates a higher ionic character. This concept helps in predicting the behavior of compounds in various chemical contexts, including reactivity and solubility.