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Ch. 22 - Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Klug - Concepts of Genetics  12th Edition
Klug12th EditionConcepts of Genetics ISBN: 9780135564776Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 22, Problem 2

Write a short essay that summarizes the impacts that genomic applications are having on society and discuss which of the ethical issues presented by these applications is the most daunting to society.

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Begin by defining what genomic applications are, including examples such as genetic testing, gene therapy, personalized medicine, and genome editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9.
Discuss the positive impacts of genomic applications on society, such as advancements in disease prevention, targeted treatments, and the potential to eradicate genetic disorders.
Explain the societal challenges and ethical concerns associated with genomic applications, such as privacy issues, genetic discrimination, and the potential for unequal access to these technologies.
Identify and elaborate on the ethical issue you believe is the most daunting to society, such as the implications of germline editing or the potential misuse of genetic information.
Conclude by summarizing the balance between the benefits and ethical challenges of genomic applications, emphasizing the importance of ethical guidelines and societal dialogue in shaping the future of genomics.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Genomic Applications

Genomic applications refer to the use of genomic information and technologies in various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. These applications include gene editing, personalized medicine, and genetic testing, which can lead to improved health outcomes, enhanced crop yields, and the development of new therapies. Understanding these applications is crucial for evaluating their societal impacts.
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Ethical Issues in Genetics

Ethical issues in genetics encompass the moral dilemmas and societal concerns arising from genomic technologies. Key issues include privacy concerns regarding genetic data, the potential for genetic discrimination, and the implications of gene editing on human evolution. These ethical considerations are essential for guiding the responsible use of genomic applications in society.
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Societal Impact of Genomics

The societal impact of genomics involves the effects that genomic technologies have on public health, social structures, and individual rights. This includes changes in healthcare delivery, shifts in agricultural practices, and the potential for unequal access to genetic technologies. Analyzing these impacts helps to identify which ethical issues, such as equity and access, pose the greatest challenges to society.
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From microarray analysis, how do we know what genes are being expressed in a specific tissue?

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From GWAS, how do we know which genes are associated with a particular genetic disorder?

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Why are most recombinant human proteins produced in animal or plant hosts instead of bacterial host cells?

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One of the major causes of sickness, death, and economic loss in the cattle industry is Mannheimia haemolytica, which causes bovine pasteurellosis, or shipping fever. Noninvasive delivery of a vaccine using transgenic plants expressing immunogens would reduce labor costs and trauma to livestock. An early step toward developing an edible vaccine is to determine whether an injected version of an antigen (usually a derivative of the pathogen) is capable of stimulating the development of antibodies in a test organism. The following table assesses the ability of a transgenic portion of a toxin (Lkt) of M. haemolytica to stimulate development of specific antibodies in rabbits.

What general conclusion can you draw from the data?

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Textbook Question

One of the major causes of sickness, death, and economic loss in the cattle industry is Mannheimia haemolytica, which causes bovine pasteurellosis, or shipping fever. Noninvasive delivery of a vaccine using transgenic plants expressing immunogens would reduce labor costs and trauma to livestock. An early step toward developing an edible vaccine is to determine whether an injected version of an antigen (usually a derivative of the pathogen) is capable of stimulating the development of antibodies in a test organism. The following table assesses the ability of a transgenic portion of a toxin (Lkt) of M. haemolytica to stimulate development of specific antibodies in rabbits.

With regards to development of a usable edible vaccine, what work remains to be done?

477
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