Identify all of the functional groups in each of the following molecules:
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of functional groups. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), and others.
2. Step 2: Analyze the structure of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is a molecule with a specific arrangement of atoms, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. You will need to identify the functional groups present in this structure.
3. Step 3: Look for the carboxyl group (-COOH). This group is typically found in organic acids and is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group.
4. Step 4: Identify the amino group (-NH2). This group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and is commonly found in amino acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds.
5. Step 5: Confirm the presence of any other functional groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH) or alkyl groups, by carefully examining the molecular structure of GABA. Ensure that you account for all functional groups present in the molecule.

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), and more, each imparting unique chemical behavior.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter in the brain that plays a crucial role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. It is derived from glutamate and contains both an amino group and a carboxylic acid group, making it an important molecule in the study of neurochemistry and pharmacology.

Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, including the types of bonds and the spatial orientation of the functional groups. Understanding the molecular structure of compounds like GABA is essential for identifying functional groups and predicting the molecule's behavior in biological systems.