Use the following choices to answer questions 1 through 4:

a. ehrlichiosis

b. Lyme disease

c. septic shock

d. toxoplasmosis

e. viral hemorrhagic fever

A patient presents with mental confusion, rapid breathing and heart rate, and low blood pressure. What is your diagnosis?

Complete the following table. <IMAGE>

Complete the following table. <IMAGE>

A patient has a red circular rash on his arm and fever, malaise, and joint pain. The most appropriate treatment is

a. antibiotics.

b. chloroquine.

c. anti-inflammatory drugs.

d. antimony.

e. no treatment.

List the causative agent, method of transmission, and reservoir for schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, and Chagas disease. Which disease are you most likely to get in the United States? Where are the other diseases endemic?

Which of the following is not a tickborne disease?

a. babesiosis

b. ehrlichiosis

c. Lyme disease

d. relapsing fever

e. tularemia

Compare and contrast cat-scratch disease and toxoplasmosis.

Use the following choices to answer questions 7 and 8:

a. brucellosis

b. malaria

relapsing fever

d. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

e. Ebola

The patient’s fever spikes each evening. Oxidase-positive, gram-negative coccobacilli were isolated from a lesion on his arm. What is your diagnosis?

Why is C. perfringens likely to grow in gangrenous wounds?

Use the following choices to answer questions 7 and 8:

a. brucellosis

b. malaria

relapsing fever

d. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

e. Ebola

The patient was hospitalized with fever and headache. Spirochetes were observed in her blood. What is your diagnosis?

List the causative agent and method of transmission of infectious mononucleosis.

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DRAW IT Show the location of the following diseases: common cold, COVID-19, diphtheria, coccidioidomycosis, influenza, pneumonia, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, and whooping cough.

A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the pulmonary alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The recommended treatment is

a. a macrolide.

b. antitoxin.

c. isoniazid.

d. tetracyclines.

e. none of the above.

Match the following choices to the statements in questions 9 and 10:

a. Bordetella pertussis

b. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

c. Legionella pneumophila

d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

e. none of the above

Resistant to destruction by phagocytes.

Compare and contrast mycoplasmal pneumonia and viral pneumonia.

Complete the following table.

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A patient has been diagnosed as having pneumonia. Is this sufficient information to begin treatment with antimicrobial agents? Briefly discuss why or why not.

List the causative agent, mode of transmission, and endemic area for the diseases histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Briefly describe the procedures and positive results of the tuberculin test and what is indicated by a positive test.

Which of the following leads to all the rest?

a. catarrhal stage

b. cough

c. loss of cilia

d. mucus accumulation

e. tracheal cytotoxin

Match the following choices to the statements in questions 9 and 10:

a. Bordetella pertussis

b. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

c. Legionella pneumophila

d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

e. none of the above

Causes the formation of a membrane across the throat.

A patient with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea within 5 hours after eating most likely has

a. shigellosis.

b. cholera.

c. E. coli gastroenteritis.

d. salmonellosis.

e. staphylococcal food poisoning.

E. coli bacteria are part of the normal microbiota of the intestines and can cause gastroenteritis. Explain why this one species is both beneficial and harmful.

Define mycotoxin. Give an example of a mycotoxin.

Differentiate among the following factors of bacterial intoxication and bacterial infection: prerequisite conditions, causative agents, onset, duration of symptoms, and treatment.

Which of the following is usually transmitted by contaminated water?

a. Chlamydia

b. leptospirosis

c. syphilis

d. trichomoniasis

e. none of the above

DRAW IT Diagram the pathway taken by E. coli to cause cystitis. Do the same for pyelonephritis. Diagram the pathway taken by N. gonorrhoeae to cause PID.

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How are urinary tract infections acquired?

Explain why E. coli is frequently implicated in cystitis in females.

Name one organism that causes pyelonephritis. What are the portals of entry for microbes that cause pyelonephritis?