Complete the following table of epidemiology.

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A patient has conjunctivitis. If you isolated Pseudomonas from the patient’s mascara, you would most likely conclude all of the following except that

a. the mascara was the source of the infection.

b. Pseudomonas is causing the infection.

c. Pseudomonas has been growing in the mascara.

d. the mascara was contaminated by the manufacturer.

e. All of the above are valid conclusions.

Before 2005, why was a test for antibodies against rubella required for females under age 50 before issuing a marriage license?

You microscopically examine scrapings from a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis. You expect to see

a. nothing.

b. viruses.

c. gram-positive cocci.

d. eukaryotic cells.

e. gram-negative cocci.

Identify the diseases based on the symptoms in the following chart.

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Use the following choices to answer questions 7 through 9.

a. Pseudomonas

b. Staphylococcus aureus

c. scabies

d. Sporothrix

e. virus

Nothing is seen in microscopic examination of a scraping from the patient’s rash.

What complications can occur from HSV-1 infections?

Use the following choices to answer questions 7 through 9.

a. Pseudomonas

b. Staphylococcus aureus

c. scabies

d. Sporothrix

e. virus

Microscopic examination of the patient’s ulcer reveals 10μm ovoid cells.

Use the following choices to answer questions 7 through 9.

a. Pseudomonas

b. Staphylococcus aureus

c. scabies

d. Sporothrix

e. virus

Microscopic examination of scrapings from the patient’s rash shows gram-negative rods.

A patient exhibits inflammatory skin lesions that itch intensely. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings reveals an eight-legged arthropod. What is your diagnosis? How is the disease treated? What would you conclude if you saw a six-legged arthropod?

If C. tetani is relatively sensitive to penicillin, why doesn’t penicillin cure tetanus?

This organism causes meningitis and is transmitted mainly by the inhalation of dried, contaminated bird droppings. Infections are treated with amphotericin B and flucytosine.

Which of the following is false?

a. Only puncture wounds by rusty nails result in tetanus.

b. Rabies is seldom found in rodents (e.g., rats, mice).

c. Polio is transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

d. Arboviral encephalitis is rather common in the United States.

e. All of the above are true.

What treatment is used against tetanus under the following conditions?

a. before a person suffers a deep puncture wound

b. after a person suffers a deep puncture wound

Which of the following does not have an animal reservoir or vector?

a. listeriosis

b. cryptococcosis

c. amebic meningoencephalitis

d. rabies

e. African trypanosomiasis

Why is the following description used for wounds that are susceptible to C. tetani infection: “. . . Improperly cleaned deep puncture wounds . . . ones with little or no bleeding . . .”?

A 12-year-old child hospitalized for Guillain-Barré syndrome had a 4-day history of headache, dizziness, fever, sore throat, and weakness of legs. Seizures began 2 weeks later. Bacterial cultures were negative. The child died 3 weeks after hospitalization. An autopsy revealed inclusions in brain cells that tested positive in an immunofluorescence test. This patient probably had

a. rabies.

b. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

c. botulism.

d. tetanus.

e. leprosy.

Provide the following information on poliomyelitis: etiology, method of transmission, symptoms, prevention. Why aren’t the Salk and Sabin vaccines considered treatments for poliomyelitis?

After receiving a corneal transplant, a patient developed dementia and loss of motor function, then became comatose and died. Cultures were negative. Serological tests were negative. Autopsy revealed spongiform degeneration of brain tissue. The patient most likely had

a. rabies.

b. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

c. botulism.

d. tetanus.

e. leprosy.

Endotoxin is responsible for symptoms caused by which of the following organisms?

a. N. meningitidis

b. S. pyogenes

c. L. monocytogenes

d. C. tetani

e. C. botulinum

Fill in the following table: <IMAGE>

On the following figure, identify the portal of entry of H. influenzae, C. tetani, botulinum toxin, M. leprae, poliovirus, Lyssavirus, arboviruses, and Acanthamoeba. <IMAGE>

Outline the procedures for treating rabies after exposure. Outline the procedures for preventing rabies prior to exposure. What is the reason for the differences in the procedures?

Provide evidence that Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by a transmissible agent.

Most people have been infected with this microorganism, often without symptoms. Infection during pregnancy can result in deafness or intellectual disabilities in the newborn.

Use the following choices to answer questions 1 through 4:

a. ehrlichiosis

b. Lyme disease

c. septic shock

d. toxoplasmosis

e. viral hemorrhagic fever

A patient presents with a history of fever and headache. Bacterial cultures of blood, CSF, and stool are negative. What is your diagnosis?

Nineteen workers in a slaughterhouse developed fever and chills, with the fever spiking to

40°C each evening. The most likely method of transmission of this disease is

a. a vector.

b. the respiratory route.

c. a puncture wound.

d. an animal bite.

e. water.

Use the following choices to answer questions 1 through 4:

a. ehrlichiosis

b. Lyme disease

c. septic shock

d. toxoplasmosis

e. viral hemorrhagic fever

A patient was hospitalized because of continuing fever and progression of symptoms including headache, fatigue, and back pain. Tests for antibodies to B. burgdorferi were negative. What is your diagnosis?

Compare and contrast epidemic typhus, endemic murine typhus, and tickborne typhus.

Use the following choices to answer questions 1 through 4:

a. ehrlichiosis

b. Lyme disease

c. septic shock

d. toxoplasmosis

e. viral hemorrhagic fever

A patient complained of headache. A CT (computed tomography) scan revealed cysts of varying size in the patient’s brain. What is your diagnosis?