Give the molecular formula of each compound shown
(g)
(h)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of compound (g): It is a benzene ring with a methyl group (CH₃) and a sulfonic acid group (SO₃H) attached.
2. Determine the number of each type of atom in compound (g): The benzene ring contributes C₆H₅, the methyl group adds CH₃, and the sulfonic acid group adds SO₃H.
3. Combine the contributions from each part of compound (g) to find the molecular formula: Add the atoms from the benzene ring, methyl group, and sulfonic acid group.
4. Identify the structure of compound (h): It is a five-membered ring with two ketone groups (C=O) and a methoxy group (OCH₃) attached.
5. Determine the number of each type of atom in compound (h): Count the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms from the ring, ketone groups, and methoxy group, then combine them to find the molecular formula.

Key Concepts

Skeletal Structure Interpretation

Skeletal structures are a shorthand representation of organic molecules where carbon atoms are implied at the junctions of lines and hydrogen atoms are omitted. Each line represents a bond, and heteroatoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur are explicitly shown. Understanding how to interpret these structures is crucial for determining the molecular formula of a compound.

Functional Groups Identification

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have characteristic properties and reactivity. In the given image, the sulfonic acid group (SO3H) and carbonyl groups (C=O) are key functional groups. Recognizing these groups helps in understanding the chemical behavior of the compounds and is essential for writing the correct molecular formula.

Molecular Formula Determination

The molecular formula of a compound indicates the number and type of atoms present. To determine it from a skeletal structure, count the carbon atoms at the vertices and ends of lines, add the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms to satisfy carbon's tetravalency, and include any heteroatoms. This process allows for the accurate representation of the compound's composition.