Indicate whether each of the following nuclides lies within the belt of stability in Figure 21.2: (a) neon-24. For any that do not, describe a nuclear decay process that would alter the neutron-to-proton ratio in the direction of increased stability. [Section 21.2]

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Identify the atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) of neon-24. Neon has an atomic number of 10, so Z = 10 and A = 24.

Calculate the number of neutrons (N) in neon-24 using the formula N = A - Z. For neon-24, N = 24 - 10 = 14.

Locate the point (Z, N) = (10, 14) on the graph provided. This point represents neon-24.

Determine if the point (10, 14) lies within the belt of stability on the graph. The belt of stability is the region where stable nuclides are found.

If neon-24 does not lie within the belt of stability, suggest a nuclear decay process to move it towards stability. For example, if it has too many neutrons, beta decay (neutron to proton conversion) could be suggested.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Belt of Stability

The belt of stability is a graphical representation that shows the stable nuclides based on their neutron-to-proton ratios. Nuclides that fall within this region are stable, while those outside are unstable and likely to undergo radioactive decay. The position of a nuclide in relation to this belt helps predict its stability and the type of decay it may undergo to achieve stability.

Neutron-to-Proton Ratio

The neutron-to-proton ratio (N/Z) is crucial in determining the stability of a nuclide. Stable nuclides typically have a specific range of N/Z values, which varies with atomic number. If a nuclide has too many or too few neutrons compared to protons, it may undergo decay processes such as beta decay or alpha decay to adjust its ratio and move towards stability.

Types of Nuclear Decay

Nuclear decay processes, such as alpha decay, beta decay, and electron capture, are mechanisms by which unstable nuclides transform into more stable forms. Alpha decay involves the emission of an alpha particle, reducing both the atomic number and mass number. Beta decay involves the conversion of a neutron into a proton (or vice versa), altering the neutron-to-proton ratio and moving the nuclide towards the belt of stability.