Textbook Question
What distinguishes the rate-determining step from the other steps in a reaction mechanism? How does the ratedetermining step affect the observed rate law?
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Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Chapter 14, Problem 114a
A proposed mechanism for the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide was described in Problem 14.29. Another possible mechanism for this reaction is
(a) Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the reactants and products from the mechanism provided. In this case, the reactants are nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O2), and the product is nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
Write the chemical formulas for each reactant and product: NO for nitric oxide, O2 for oxygen, and NO2 for nitrogen dioxide.
Combine the reactants in a chemical equation: NO + O2 → NO2.
Balance the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation to ensure the law of conservation of mass is obeyed. This involves adjusting the coefficients of the reactants and products.
Verify that the total number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation to confirm that the equation is balanced.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Balancing Chemical Equations
Balancing chemical equations involves ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This is based on the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. To balance an equation, coefficients are adjusted in front of the chemical formulas to achieve equal atom counts.
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Balancing Chemical Equations
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between species, resulting in changes in oxidation states. In the context of the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), NO is oxidized as it loses electrons, while another species must be reduced. Understanding the roles of oxidizing and reducing agents is crucial for identifying the overall reaction mechanism.
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Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It allows chemists to predict the amounts of substances consumed and produced in a reaction based on the balanced equation. In the case of the oxidation of nitric oxide, stoichiometry helps determine the molar ratios of NO and O2 needed to produce NO2, facilitating accurate calculations in chemical processes.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Consider the following mechanism for the reaction of hydrogen and iodine monochloride: Step 1. H21g2 + ICl1g2S HI1g2 + HCl1g2 Step 2. HI1g2 + ICl1g2S I21g2 + HCl1g2 (b) Identify any reaction intermediates.
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Textbook Question
The thermal decomposition of nitryl chloride, NO2Cl, isbelieved to occur by the following mechanism:NO2Cl1g2 ¡ k1 NO21g2 + Cl1g2Cl1g2 + NO2Cl1g2 ¡ k2 NO21g2 + Cl21g2(c) What rate law is predicted by this mechanism if the firststep is rate-determining?
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Textbook Question
A proposed mechanism for the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide was described in Problem 14.29. Another possible mechanism for this reaction is
(b) Show that this mechanism is consistent with the experimental rate law, Rate = k[NO4][O2].
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Textbook Question
A proposed mechanism for the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide was described in Problem 14.29. Another possible mechanism for this reaction is
(c) Relate the rate constant k to the rate constants for the elementary reactions.
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Textbook Question
Comment on the following statement: 'A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction, but it is not consumed because it does not participate in the reaction.'
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