Complete and balance the following nuclear equations. (a)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the type of nuclear reaction involved (e.g., alpha decay, beta decay, positron emission, electron capture, etc.).
2. Write down the known parts of the nuclear equation, including the reactants and any given products.
3. Use the conservation of mass number and atomic number to determine the missing particles or nuclei. The sum of mass numbers (top numbers) and atomic numbers (bottom numbers) must be equal on both sides of the equation.
4. Identify the missing particle or nucleus by comparing the mass numbers and atomic numbers on both sides of the equation. Common particles include alpha particles (\( ^4_2\text{He} \)), beta particles (\( ^0_{-1}\beta \)), positrons (\( ^0_{+1}\beta \)), and neutrons (\( ^1_0\text{n} \)).
5. Write the complete and balanced nuclear equation, ensuring that both the mass numbers and atomic numbers are balanced.

Key Concepts

Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear reactions involve changes in an atom's nucleus and can result in the transformation of one element into another. These reactions include processes such as alpha decay, beta decay, and nuclear fission. Understanding the type of nuclear reaction is crucial for balancing nuclear equations, as it dictates the particles involved and the resulting products.

Conservation of Mass and Charge

In nuclear equations, both mass and charge must be conserved. This means that the total mass number (sum of protons and neutrons) and the total charge (sum of positive and negative charges) on both sides of the equation must be equal. This principle is essential for correctly balancing nuclear equations, ensuring that the number of nucleons and the charge are accounted for.

Notation of Nuclear Particles

Nuclear particles are represented using specific notation, where elements are denoted by their chemical symbols, and their mass and atomic numbers are indicated as superscripts and subscripts, respectively. For example, an alpha particle is represented as 4He2. Familiarity with this notation is necessary for accurately writing and balancing nuclear equations, as it helps identify the particles involved in the reaction.