Textbook Question
Examine the following figure and answer the following questions.
What characteristic is shared by all clades in the figure?
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Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and EvolutionProblem 24a
Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and EvolutionProblem 24aChapter 1, Problem 24a
Suppose a genotype for a protein-producing gene can have any combination of three alleles, A₁, A₂, and A₃.
List all the possible genotypes involving these three alleles.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that the problem involves three alleles (A₁, A₂, A₃) and that genotypes are combinations of two alleles because diploid organisms have two copies of each gene.
Recognize that the combinations can include both homozygous genotypes (where the two alleles are the same, e.g., A₁A₁) and heterozygous genotypes (where the two alleles are different, e.g., A₁A₂).
List all possible homozygous genotypes: A₁A₁, A₂A₂, and A₃A₃.
List all possible heterozygous genotypes by pairing each allele with the others without repetition: A₁A₂, A₁A₃, and A₂A₃. Note that the order of alleles does not matter (e.g., A₁A₂ is the same as A₂A₁).
Combine the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes into a complete list: A₁A₁, A₂A₂, A₃A₃, A₁A₂, A₁A₃, and A₂A₃.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Alleles
Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome. In this case, the alleles A₁, A₂, and A₃ represent variations of a gene responsible for producing a particular protein. Each individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent, which can be the same (homozygous) or different (heterozygous).
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Genotype
A genotype refers to the specific genetic makeup of an individual concerning a particular gene or set of genes. It is represented by the combination of alleles present, such as A₁A₁, A₁A₂, or A₂A₃. Understanding genotypes is crucial for predicting phenotypic traits and inheritance patterns in offspring.
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Combinatorial Genetics
Combinatorial genetics involves calculating all possible combinations of alleles to determine potential genotypes. With three alleles (A₁, A₂, A₃), the possible genotypes can include homozygous combinations (e.g., A₁A₁) and heterozygous combinations (e.g., A₁A₂, A₁A₃, A₂A₃). This concept is essential for understanding genetic variation and inheritance.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Examine the following figure and answer the following questions.
What characteristics are shared by the mammalian clade and the primate clade? What characteristic distinguishes the primates from other members of the mammalian clade?
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Textbook Question
Fill in the missing nucleotides (so there are three per block) and the missing amino acid abbreviations in the graphic shown here.
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Textbook Question
Suppose a genotype for a protein-producing gene can have any combination of three alleles, A₁, A₂, and A₃.
Each allele produces a protein with a distinct electrophoretic mobility. Allele A₁ has the highest electrophoretic mobility, A₃ has the lowest electrophoretic mobility, and the electrophoretic mobility of A₂ is intermediate between them. Draw the appearance of gel electrophoresis protein bands for each of the possible genotypes. Be sure to label each lane of the gel with the corresponding genotype.
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Textbook Question
Shorter fragments of DNA (those with fewer base pairs) have a higher electrophoretic mobility than larger fragments. Thinking about electrophoresis gels as creating a matrix through which fragments must migrate, briefly explain why the size of a DNA fragment affects its electrophoretic mobility.
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Textbook Question
Four nucleic-acid samples are analyzed to determine the percentages of the nucleotides they contain. Survey the data in the table to determine which samples are DNA and which are RNA, and specify whether each sample is double-stranded or single-stranded. Justify each answer.
[A table of nucleotide percentages appears below the problem]
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