Textbook Question
There is a problem completing the replication of linear chromosomes at their ends. What is the function of telomerase, and how does it operate to synthesize telomeres?
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Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 7, Problem 14a
Bacterial DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III perform different functions during DNA replication.
Identify the principal functions of each molecule.
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Understand that DNA replication in bacteria involves multiple enzymes, each with specific roles. DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III are two key enzymes in this process.
DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand. It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA chain in the 5' to 3' direction, using the parental strand as a template.
DNA polymerase I plays a role in removing RNA primers that are initially laid down by primase to start DNA synthesis. It replaces these RNA primers with DNA nucleotides.
DNA polymerase I also has exonuclease activity, which allows it to remove RNA primers and correct errors during DNA synthesis.
Summarize the distinction: DNA polymerase III is the main enzyme for elongating the DNA strand, while DNA polymerase I is involved in primer removal and gap filling during replication.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
DNA Replication
DNA replication is the biological process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material. This process involves unwinding the double helix and synthesizing new strands complementary to the original ones, which is crucial for cell division and genetic continuity.
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Steps to DNA Replication
DNA Polymerase I
DNA Polymerase I is an enzyme that plays a key role in DNA replication by removing RNA primers from the lagging strand and replacing them with DNA nucleotides. It also has proofreading capabilities, allowing it to correct errors during DNA synthesis, thus maintaining the integrity of the genetic information.
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DNA Polymerase III
DNA Polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication. It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA chain in a 5' to 3' direction and is essential for the rapid and accurate replication of the bacterial genome, making it a critical component of the replication machinery.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Explain how RNA participates in DNA replication.
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Textbook Question
A sample of double-stranded DNA is found to contain 20% cytosine. Determine the percentage of the three other DNA nucleotides in the sample.
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Textbook Question
Bacterial DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III perform different functions during DNA replication.
If mutation inactivated DNA polymerase I in a strain of E. coli, would the cell be able to replicate its DNA? If so, what kind of abnormalities would you expect to find in the cell?
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Textbook Question
Bacterial DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III perform different functions during DNA replication.
If a strain of E. coli acquired a mutation that inactivated DNA polymerase III function, would the cell be able to replicate its DNA? Why or why not?
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Textbook Question
Diagram a replication fork in bacterial DNA and label the following structures or molecules.
a. DNA pol III
b. Helicase
c. RNA primer
d. Origin of replication
e. leading strand (label its polarity)
f. DNA pol I
g. Topoisomerase
h. SSB protein
i. Lagging strand (label its polarity)
j. Primase
k. Okazaki fragment
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