Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds.
(c) (CH₃)₂C=CHCOOH
(d)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain that includes the functional group (in this case, the carboxylic acid group, -COOH). The carboxylic acid group takes priority in numbering, so it will always be at position 1.
2. Step 2: For compound (c), the longest chain includes four carbons, with the carboxylic acid group at position 1. The chain also contains a double bond between carbons 2 and 3. This makes the parent chain a derivative of 'butenoic acid.'
3. Step 3: Identify and name any substituents attached to the main chain. In this case, there are two methyl groups attached to carbon 2. This makes the substituent name '2,2-dimethyl.'
4. Step 4: Combine the substituent name with the parent chain name. The double bond's position is indicated by the lowest possible number, which is 2. The full name becomes '2,2-dimethylbut-2-enoic acid.'
5. Step 5: For compound (d), follow the same process: identify the longest chain, locate the functional group, and name substituents. If no structure is provided for (d), clarify the compound's structure to proceed with naming.

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for naming based on the structure of the molecule, including the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and the position of substituents. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the identity of organic compounds.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the given compound, the carboxylic acid group (-COOH) is a key functional group that influences the compound's reactivity and properties. Recognizing functional groups is crucial for determining the IUPAC name and understanding the compound's behavior.

Alkenes and Alkyl Groups

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which affects their reactivity and physical properties. In the compound (CH3)2C=CHCOOH, the presence of the double bond indicates it is an alkene. Additionally, recognizing alkyl groups, such as the isopropyl group in this case, is important for naming and understanding the structure of the compound.