Textbook Question
Draw and label the parts of a flower.
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Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle10
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance7
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth6
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life7
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea8
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants7
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development8
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition10
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System6
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction8
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology10
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 38, Problem 5
Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?
a. Embryo XY/endosperm XXX or embryo XX/endosperm XXY
b. Embryo XX/endosperm XX or embryo XY/endosperm XY
c. Embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XYY
d. Embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of double fertilization. In flowering plants, double fertilization involves two sperm cells from the pollen grain. One sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell to form the embryo, while the other sperm cell fertilizes the central cell (which contains two nuclei) to form the triploid endosperm.
Step 2: Analyze the genetic contribution during fertilization. The male gamete contributes either an X or Y chromosome, while the female gamete contributes an X chromosome. For the central cell, the female contributes two X chromosomes (since it is diploid).
Step 3: Determine the possible genotypes of the embryo. The embryo is formed by the fusion of the egg cell (X) and one sperm cell (X or Y). This results in either XX (female embryo) or XY (male embryo).
Step 4: Determine the possible genotypes of the endosperm nuclei. The endosperm is formed by the fusion of the central cell (XX) and one sperm cell (X or Y). This results in either XXX (if the sperm contributes X) or XXY (if the sperm contributes Y).
Step 5: Match the possible combinations of embryo and endosperm genotypes with the given options. Based on the analysis, the correct combinations are: embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Dioecious Species
Dioecious species are those that have distinct male and female individuals, each producing different types of gametes. In the context of plants, dioecy often involves specific sex chromosomes, such as XY for males and XX for females. Understanding this concept is crucial for predicting the genetic outcomes of fertilization events, as it determines the sex of the offspring based on the parental contributions.
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Guided course
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Biological Species Concept
Double Fertilization
Double fertilization is a unique process in angiosperms where one sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote, while another sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm. This endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo. Recognizing this process is essential for determining the genotypes of both the embryo and the endosperm in dioecious species after fertilization.
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07:44Double Fertilization
Genotype and Nuclei Composition
The genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism, which in this case includes the sex chromosomes of the embryos and the endosperm. The composition of the endosperm nuclei is particularly important as it results from the fusion of gametes and polar nuclei. Understanding how these genetic combinations arise from the fertilization process is key to answering the question regarding the possible genotypes of the embryos and endosperm.
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06:36Genotype & Phenotype
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which statement concerning grafting is correct?
a. Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species.
b. Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species.
c. Stocks provide root systems for grafting.
d. Grafting creates new species.
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Textbook Question
A small flower with green petals is most likely:
a. Bee-pollinated
b. Bird-pollinated
c. Bat-pollinated
d. Wind-pollinated
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Textbook Question
Double fertilization means that:
a. Flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds
b. Every egg must receive two sperm to produce an embryo
c. One sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei
d. Every sperm has two nuclei
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Textbook Question
'Bt maize'
a. Is resistant to various herbicides, making it practical to weed rice fields with those herbicides.
b. Contains transgenes that increase vitamin A content.
c. Includes bacterial genes that produce a toxin that reduces damage from insect pests.
d. Is a 'boron (B)-tolerant' transgenic variety of maize.
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Textbook Question
The black dots that cover strawberries are actually fruits formed from the separate carpels of a single flower. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a flower with many separate carpels. Therefore, a strawberry is:
a. A simple fruit with many seeds
b. Both a multiple fruit and an accessory fruit
c. Both a simple fruit and an aggregate fruit
d. Both an aggregate fruit and an accessory fruit
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