Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. The distal tubule reabsorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium and hydrogen ions in response to ADH.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of the distal tubule in the nephron. The distal tubule is involved in the reabsorption of sodium ions (Na⁺) and the secretion of potassium ions (K⁺) and hydrogen ions (H⁺). This process is regulated by hormones such as aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
2. Review the function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). ADH primarily acts on the collecting ducts of the nephron to increase water reabsorption by making the ducts more permeable to water. It does not directly regulate the secretion of potassium or hydrogen ions in the distal tubule.
3. Identify the hormone responsible for regulating sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal tubule. Aldosterone, not ADH, is the hormone that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions and the secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions in the distal tubule.
4. Evaluate the statement: 'The distal tubule reabsorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium and hydrogen ions in response to ADH.' This statement is false because ADH does not regulate these processes in the distal tubule; aldosterone does.
5. Correct the false statement: 'The distal tubule reabsorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium and hydrogen ions in response to aldosterone, not ADH.'

Key Concepts

Distal Tubule Function

The distal tubule is a segment of the nephron in the kidney responsible for the reabsorption of sodium ions and the secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. This process is crucial for maintaining electrolyte balance and regulating blood pressure. The distal tubule's activity is influenced by hormones such as aldosterone, which promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It primarily regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, particularly in the collecting ducts. While ADH affects water reabsorption, it does not directly influence sodium or potassium ion transport in the distal tubule.

Hormonal Regulation of Kidney Function

The function of the kidneys is regulated by various hormones, including aldosterone and ADH. Aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal tubule, while ADH focuses on water reabsorption. Understanding the roles of these hormones is essential for comprehending how the kidneys maintain homeostasis and respond to changes in the body's fluid and electrolyte status.