Textbook Question
Name the primary placental hormones and their functions.
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Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology25
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization29
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure33
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses15
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System21
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation26
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity25
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System4
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes30
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance17
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 28, Problem 18
After implantation, how does the developing embryo obtain nutrients? What structures and processes are involved?
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Understand that after implantation, the developing embryo obtains nutrients primarily through the maternal blood supply, as it can no longer rely on the yolk sac alone for nourishment.
Identify the key structure involved: the placenta, which forms at the site of implantation and serves as the interface between maternal and embryonic tissues.
Explain that the placenta contains chorionic villi, finger-like projections that extend into the maternal endometrium, increasing surface area for exchange.
Describe the process of nutrient transfer: maternal blood flows through the intervillous spaces surrounding the chorionic villi, allowing diffusion and active transport of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between maternal and fetal blood without direct mixing.
Note that the umbilical cord connects the embryo (via the fetus) to the placenta, containing blood vessels that carry oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the embryo and return deoxygenated blood and waste products to the placenta for removal.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Implantation of the Embryo
Implantation is the process by which the blastocyst attaches to and embeds itself into the uterine lining (endometrium). This critical step allows the embryo to establish a connection with the maternal tissue, enabling nutrient and gas exchange essential for further development.
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Implantation: Days 6-9
Formation and Role of the Placenta
The placenta is a specialized organ that forms from both embryonic and maternal tissues after implantation. It facilitates the transfer of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between mother and embryo through a network of blood vessels, supporting embryonic growth and development.
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Nutrient Transfer Mechanisms
Nutrients reach the embryo primarily via diffusion and active transport across the placental barrier. Maternal blood supplies glucose, amino acids, and oxygen, which cross into embryonic blood vessels, while waste products are removed, ensuring a balanced environment for the embryo.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Indicate the type of inheritance involved in each of the following situations.
(a) Children who exhibit the trait have at least one parent who also exhibits it.
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Textbook Question
A normally pigmented woman whose father was an albino marries a normally pigmented man whose mother was an albino. What is the probability that they would have an albino child?
(a) 50 percent
(b) 25 percent
(c) 12.5 percent
(d) 6.25 percent
(e) 100 percent
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Textbook Question
What hormonal events are responsible for puberty? Which life stage does puberty initiate?
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Textbook Question
Problems involving the formation of the chorion would affect
(a) The embryo’s ability to produce blood cells
(b) The formation of limbs
(c) The embryo’s ability to derive nutrition from the mother
(d) Lung formation
(e) The urinary system
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Textbook Question
Distinguish between the following paired terms:
(b) heterozygous and homozygous,
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