Textbook Question
Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?
a. C3H8
b. C₂H₆
c. C₂H₄
d. C₂H₂
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Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle10
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance7
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth6
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life7
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea8
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants7
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development8
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition10
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System6
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction8
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology10
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 4, Problem 7
Which action could produce a carbonyl group?
a. The replacement of the —OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen
b. The addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl
c. The addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate
d. The replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand what a carbonyl group is: A carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). It is a functional group found in many organic compounds.
Examine option a: The replacement of the —OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen. A carboxyl group is —COOH. Replacing the —OH with hydrogen would result in —COH, which is an aldehyde, containing a carbonyl group.
Examine option b: The addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl. A thiol group is —SH, and a hydroxyl group is —OH. Adding these together does not form a carbonyl group.
Examine option c: The addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate. A phosphate group is —PO₄. Adding a hydroxyl group —OH does not result in a carbonyl group.
Examine option d: The replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen. An amine group is —NH₂. Replacing nitrogen with oxygen would result in —OH, which is a hydroxyl group, not a carbonyl group.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Carbonyl Group
A carbonyl group is a functional group characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). It is a key feature in many organic compounds, including aldehydes and ketones, and plays a crucial role in chemical reactivity and molecular structure.
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Functional Groups
Carboxyl Group
A carboxyl group consists of a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group (—COOH). It is a functional group found in organic acids, such as acetic acid, and is known for its acidic properties due to the ability to donate a hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group.
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Amine Group
An amine group is a functional group containing a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms, typically represented as —NH2. Amines are derived from ammonia and are important in organic chemistry due to their basic properties and role in forming amino acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:
a. Structural isomers
b. Cis-trans isomers
c. Enantiomers
d. Isotopes
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Textbook Question
Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule:
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Textbook Question
Which of the molecules shown in question 5 has an asymmetric carbon? Which carbon is asymmetric?
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Textbook Question
Draw Lewis dot structures for each hypothetical molecule shown below, using the correct number of valence electrons for each atom. Determine which molecule makes sense because each atom has a complete valence shell, and each bond has the correct number of electrons. Explain what makes the other molecule nonsensical, considering the number of bonds each type of atom can make.
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