Textbook Question
Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?
a. Disaccharide
b. Polysaccharide
c. Starch
d. Carbohydrate
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Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle10
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance7
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth6
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life7
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea8
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants7
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development8
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition10
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System6
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction8
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology10
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
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Urry 11th EditionCh. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological MoleculesProblem 4
Urry 11th EditionCh. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological MoleculesProblem 4Chapter 5, Problem 4
The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the
a. Primary level.
b. Secondary level.
c. Tertiary level.
d. Quaternary level.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the structural levels of proteins: Proteins have four levels of structure - primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Identify the primary structure: The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, held together by peptide bonds.
Recognize the role of hydrogen bonds: Hydrogen bonds are crucial in stabilizing the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins.
Analyze the secondary structure: The secondary structure includes alpha helices and beta sheets, which are stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
Determine the least affected level: Since the primary structure is held together by peptide bonds and not hydrogen bonds, it is the structural level least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Protein Structure Levels
Proteins have four structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids, the secondary structure includes alpha helices and beta sheets formed by hydrogen bonds, the tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape, and the quaternary structure involves multiple polypeptide chains. Understanding these levels is crucial for determining how disruptions affect protein structure.
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Protein Structure
Hydrogen Bonding in Proteins
Hydrogen bonds are weak interactions that play a significant role in stabilizing the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins. They occur between the backbone atoms in the secondary structure and between side chains in the tertiary structure. Disruption of hydrogen bonds can lead to changes in protein folding and stability, affecting its function.
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Primary Structure Stability
The primary structure of a protein, which is the linear sequence of amino acids, is held together by covalent peptide bonds. Unlike hydrogen bonds, peptide bonds are strong and not easily disrupted by changes in environmental conditions. Therefore, the primary structure remains intact even when hydrogen bonding is disrupted, making it the least affected structural level.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?
a. glycogen, starch, and amylopectin
b. glycogen and cellulose
c. cellulose and chitin
d. starch, chitin, and cellulose
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Textbook Question
Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats?
a. They are more common in animals than in plants.
b. They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
c. They generally solidify at room temperature.
d. They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.
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Textbook Question
Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?
a. The two strands of the double helix would separate.
b. The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken.
c. The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
d. All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
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Textbook Question
The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
a. C60H120O60
b. C60H102O51
c. C60H100O50
d. C60H111O51
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Textbook Question
Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?
a. 5′-AGCT-3′ with 5′-TCGA-3′
b. 5′-GCGC-3′ with 5′-TATA-3′
c. 5′-ATGC-3′ with 5′-GCAT-3′
d. All of these pairs are correct.
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