Draw the structure of each of the following molecules: (a) Tetraphosphorus hexoxide, (b) Tetraphosphorus decoxide, (c) Phosphorous acid, (d) Phosphoric acid.

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Identify the chemical formula for each compound: (a) Tetraphosphorus hexoxide is P4O6, (b) Tetraphosphorus decoxide is P4O10, (c) Phosphorous acid is H3PO3, (d) Phosphoric acid is H3PO4.

For P4O6, visualize a tetrahedral arrangement of phosphorus atoms with each phosphorus atom bonded to three oxygen atoms, forming a cage-like structure.

For P4O10, imagine a similar tetrahedral arrangement of phosphorus atoms as in P4O6, but with each phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, creating a more extended cage structure.

For H3PO3, draw a central phosphorus atom bonded to three oxygen atoms, with one of the oxygen atoms also bonded to a hydrogen atom, and two additional hydrogen atoms bonded directly to the phosphorus.

For H3PO4, depict a central phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, with one of the oxygen atoms also bonded to a hydrogen atom, and three additional hydrogen atoms bonded to the remaining oxygen atoms.

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It includes the types of bonds (single, double, or triple) and the angles between them, which influence the molecule's properties and reactivity. Understanding molecular structure is essential for predicting how molecules will interact in chemical reactions.

Phosphorus Oxides

Phosphorus oxides are compounds formed from phosphorus and oxygen, with varying stoichiometries. Tetraphosphorus hexoxide (P4O6) and tetraphosphorus decoxide (P4O10) are examples that differ in the ratio of phosphorus to oxygen, affecting their chemical behavior and applications. Recognizing these oxides is crucial for understanding their roles in various chemical processes.

Acids and Their Structures

Acids are substances that can donate protons (H+) in a solution, and their structures often include functional groups that facilitate this behavior. Phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are both phosphorus-containing acids, with distinct structures that determine their acidity and reactivity. Familiarity with these structures helps in predicting their chemical properties and reactions.