Classify each of the following reactions as a precipitation, acid–base neutralization, or oxidation–reduction. (a) (b) (c)

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Key Concepts

Precipitation Reactions

Precipitation reactions occur when two soluble salts react in solution to form an insoluble product, known as a precipitate. This process typically involves the exchange of ions between the reactants, leading to the formation of a solid that separates from the liquid phase. An example is the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride, which produces solid silver chloride.

Acid-Base Neutralization

Acid-base neutralization reactions involve the reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. This process typically involves the transfer of protons (H⁺ ions) from the acid to the base. A common example is the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, which produces sodium chloride and water.

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between substances, leading to changes in oxidation states. In these reactions, one species is oxidized (loses electrons) while another is reduced (gains electrons). An example is the reaction between zinc and copper sulfate, where zinc is oxidized and copper is reduced, resulting in the deposition of copper metal.