The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a representation of thalidomide, a drug that causes birth defects when taken by expectant mothers but is valuable for its use against leprosy. The lines indicate only the connections between atoms, not whether the bonds are single, double, or triple. 1Red = O, gray = C, blue = N, ivory = H.2 (a) What is the formula of thalidomide?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the colors representing each type of atom in the ball-and-stick model: Red for Oxygen (O), Gray for Carbon (C), Blue for Nitrogen (N), and Ivory for Hydrogen (H).
2. Count the number of each type of atom in the model. Carefully examine the model to ensure all atoms are accounted for.
3. Write down the chemical symbols for each type of atom, followed by the number of atoms of that type in the molecule. This will form the molecular formula.
4. Ensure that the molecular formula is written in the standard order: Carbon (C) first, followed by Hydrogen (H), and then the other elements in alphabetical order.
5. Double-check the counts and the order of elements to ensure the molecular formula accurately represents the model.

Key Concepts

Molecular Formula

A molecular formula represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule. It is expressed using chemical symbols and subscripts, indicating how many of each atom are present. For example, the molecular formula for water is H2O, meaning it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Understanding how to derive a molecular formula from a molecular model is essential for identifying the composition of a compound.

Chemical Structure

Chemical structure refers to the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, including the types of bonds (single, double, or triple) between them. In a ball-and-stick model, different colors represent different elements, and the sticks represent bonds. Recognizing the structure helps in understanding the properties and reactivity of the molecule, which is crucial for determining its formula and function.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amine (-NH2) groups. Identifying functional groups in a compound like thalidomide can provide insights into its biological activity and potential effects, such as its teratogenic properties.