Textbook Question
If thymine makes up 21% of the DNA nucleotides in the genome of a plant species, what are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the genome?
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Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and EvolutionProblem 18
Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and EvolutionProblem 18Chapter 1, Problem 18
What is the central dogma of biology? Identify and describe the molecular processes that accomplish the flow of genetic information described in the central dogma.
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The central dogma of biology describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system, typically summarized as DNA -> RNA -> Protein.
The first process in the central dogma is transcription, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the gene and synthesizes a single-stranded mRNA molecule complementary to the DNA template strand.
The second process is translation, where the mRNA is used as a template to synthesize a protein. This occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosome.
During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, where the mRNA sequence is read in sets of three nucleotides (codons) to assemble the corresponding polypeptide chain.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It outlines the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. This framework is fundamental for understanding how genetic information is expressed and regulated in living organisms.
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Transcription
Transcription is the first step in the central dogma, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and involves the enzyme RNA polymerase, which synthesizes the mRNA strand complementary to the DNA template. Transcription is crucial for converting genetic information into a format that can be translated into proteins.
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Translation
Translation is the second step in the central dogma, where the mRNA produced during transcription is decoded to synthesize proteins. This process takes place in the ribosome, where transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain based on the sequence of codons in the mRNA. Translation is essential for the expression of genes and the functioning of cells.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What reactive chemical groups are found at the 5' and 3' carbons of nucleotides? What is the name of the bond formed when nucleotides are joined in a single strand? Is this bond covalent or noncovalent?
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Textbook Question
Identify two differences in chemical composition that distinguish DNA from RNA.
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Textbook Question
A portion of a polypeptide contains the amino acids Trp-Lys-Met-Ala-Val. Write the possible mRNA and template-strand DNA sequences. (Hint: Use A/G and T/C to indicate that either adenine/guanine or thymine/cytosine could occur in a particular position, and use N to indicate that any DNA nucleotide could appear.)
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Textbook Question
The following segment of DNA is the template strand transcribed into mRNA:
5'-...GACATGGAA...-3'
What is the sequence of mRNA created from this sequence?
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Textbook Question
The following segment of DNA is the template strand transcribed into mRNA:
5'-...GACATGGAA...-3'
What is the amino acid sequence produced by translation?
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