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Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes
Sanders - Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach 3rd Edition
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 5, Problem 9a

Genes A, B, C, D, and E are linked on a chromosome and occur in the order given.


The test cross Ae/aE x ae/ae  indicates the genes recombine with a frequency of 28%. If 1000 progeny are produced by this test cross, determine the number of progeny in each outcome class.

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Understand the problem: The genes A, B, C, D, and E are linked on a chromosome, and the recombination frequency between them is 28%. This means that 28% of the progeny will show recombinant phenotypes, while the remaining 72% will show parental phenotypes. The total number of progeny is 1000.
Determine the number of recombinant progeny: Multiply the total number of progeny (1000) by the recombination frequency (28%). This will give the number of recombinant progeny.
Determine the number of parental progeny: Subtract the number of recombinant progeny from the total number of progeny (1000). This will give the number of parental progeny.
Divide the recombinant progeny into outcome classes: If there are multiple recombinant classes, divide the total number of recombinant progeny equally among these classes, unless additional information specifies unequal distribution.
Divide the parental progeny into outcome classes: Similarly, divide the total number of parental progeny into the respective parental classes based on the gene order and test cross results.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Genetic Linkage

Genetic linkage refers to the tendency of genes located close to each other on the same chromosome to be inherited together during meiosis. This is due to the physical proximity of the genes, which reduces the likelihood of recombination occurring between them. Understanding linkage is crucial for predicting the inheritance patterns of traits and calculating recombination frequencies.
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Chi Square and Linkage

Recombination Frequency

Recombination frequency is a measure of the likelihood that two genes will be separated during meiosis due to crossing over. It is expressed as a percentage, representing the proportion of recombinant offspring produced in a test cross. In this case, a recombination frequency of 28% indicates that 28% of the progeny will show new combinations of traits, which is essential for determining the outcome classes in the progeny.
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Recombination after Single Strand Breaks

Test Cross

A test cross involves breeding an individual with a homozygous recessive organism to determine the genotype of the former. This method helps reveal the presence of dominant and recessive alleles in the offspring. In the context of the question, the test cross is used to analyze the inheritance of linked genes and assess the recombination frequency, which is vital for predicting the distribution of progeny phenotypes.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Genes A, B, and C are linked on a chromosome and found in the order A–B–C. Genes A and B recombine with a frequency of 8%, and genes B and C recombine at a frequency of 24%. For the cross a⁺b⁺c/abc⁺ × abc/abc, predict the frequency of progeny genotypes. Assume interference is zero.

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Textbook Question

Gene G recombines with gene T at a frequency of 7%, and gene G recombines with gene R at a frequency of 4%.


Draw two possible genetic maps for these three genes, and identify the recombination frequencies predicted for each map.

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Textbook Question

Gene G recombines with gene T at a frequency of 7%, and gene G recombines with gene R at a frequency of 4%.


Assuming that organisms with any desired genotype are available, propose a genetic cross whose result could be used to determine which of the proposed genetic maps is correct.

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Textbook Question

Genes A, B, C, D, and E are linked on a chromosome and occur in the order given.


Previous genetic linkage crosses have determined that recombination frequencies are 6% for genes A and B, 4% for genes B and C, 10% for genes C and D, and 11% for genes D and E. The sum of these frequencies between genes A and E is 31%. Why does the recombination distance between these genes as determined by adding the intervals between adjacent linked genes differ from the distance determined by the test cross?

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Textbook Question

Syntenic genes can assort independently. Explain this observation.

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Textbook Question

Define linkage disequilibrium. What is the physical basis of linkage, and what causes linkage equilibrium? Explain how crossing over eliminates linkage disequilibrium.

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