Describe the five phases of a generalized lytic replication cycle.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the first phase, which is the attachment phase where the virus attaches to the host cell surface using specific receptors.
2. Describe the second phase, penetration, where the viral genetic material is injected into the host cell.
3. Explain the third phase, biosynthesis, where the host cell's machinery is hijacked to replicate the viral genome and synthesize viral proteins.
4. Outline the fourth phase, maturation, where new viral particles are assembled from the replicated genetic material and proteins.
5. Conclude with the fifth phase, release, where the newly formed viruses are released from the host cell, often causing cell lysis.

Key Concepts

Lytic Replication Cycle

The lytic replication cycle is a process by which certain viruses, known as lytic phages, infect host cells, replicate, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing new viral particles. This cycle is characterized by a series of distinct phases that lead to the destruction of the host cell.

Attachment and Penetration

The first phase of the lytic cycle involves the attachment of the virus to the host cell's surface, facilitated by specific interactions between viral proteins and host receptors. Following attachment, the virus penetrates the host cell, allowing its genetic material to enter the cytoplasm and initiate the infection process.

Biosynthesis and Assembly

During the biosynthesis phase, the host cell's machinery is hijacked to replicate the viral genome and produce viral proteins. This is followed by the assembly phase, where newly synthesized viral components are assembled into complete virions, preparing them for release from the host cell.