Ethnocentrism can involve all of the following EXCEPT:

• A. Judging a culture based on one's own cultural norms.
• B. Believing that one's culture is superior.
• C. Nonjudgmentally considering new values, behaviors, and norms within their cultural context.
• D. Believing that one's own culture is the default.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definition of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to use one's own cultural norms as the standard to judge other cultures.
2. Step 2: Identify the characteristics of ethnocentrism. These include judging other cultures based on one's own cultural norms, believing one's culture is superior, and assuming one's culture is the default or normal way of life.
3. Step 3: Analyze each option in the problem to see if it fits the definition of ethnocentrism. For example, judging a culture based on one's own norms aligns with ethnocentrism.
4. Step 4: Recognize that 'nonjudgmentally considering new values, behaviors, and norms within their cultural context' is the opposite of ethnocentrism. This approach is called cultural relativism, which involves understanding cultures on their own terms without judgment.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the option describing nonjudgmental consideration is the one that does NOT involve ethnocentrism, making it the correct answer to the question.