Carla presents to her physician with a complaint of swollen axillary lymph nodes. Her physician performs a breast exam and finds a tumor on the same side as the swollen nodes.
b. Carla undergoes surgery to have the tumor and affected lymph nodes and surrounding lymphatic vessels removed. Predict any complications Carla might have after the surgery that could arise from removal of the lymph nodes and vessels.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels: Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic system, which helps in immune defense and fluid balance. They filter lymph fluid and trap pathogens, while lymphatic vessels transport lymph throughout the body.
2. Recognize the consequences of lymph node and vessel removal: Removing lymph nodes and vessels disrupts the normal flow of lymph fluid, potentially leading to a condition called lymphedema, which is characterized by swelling due to fluid accumulation.
3. Explain why lymphedema occurs: Without lymph nodes and vessels, the body struggles to drain lymph fluid from the affected area, causing it to accumulate in the surrounding tissues. This is particularly common in the arm or chest area on the side of the surgery.
4. Discuss potential symptoms and complications: Carla might experience swelling, discomfort, reduced mobility, and an increased risk of infection in the affected area due to impaired immune function and fluid buildup.
5. Highlight management strategies: Post-surgery, Carla may need physical therapy, compression garments, and careful monitoring to manage lymphedema and prevent further complications. Education on self-care and infection prevention will also be crucial.

Key Concepts

Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that plays a crucial role in the immune system and fluid balance. It transports lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body. When lymph nodes are removed, as in Carla's case, the drainage of lymph fluid can be disrupted, leading to complications such as lymphedema.

Lymphedema

Lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling due to the accumulation of lymph fluid, often occurring after lymph node removal or damage. It can cause discomfort, restricted movement, and an increased risk of infections. Understanding lymphedema is essential for predicting potential complications following surgery that involves lymph node excision.

Surgical Complications

Surgical complications refer to unintended adverse effects that can occur as a result of surgical procedures. In the context of lymph node removal, complications may include infection, bleeding, and lymphedema. Awareness of these risks is important for both patients and healthcare providers to ensure proper post-operative care and management.