Which of the following statements about human populations in industrialized countries is correct?
a. Birth rates and death rates are high
b. Average family size is relatively large
c. The population has undergone the demographic transition
d. The survivorship curve is Type II

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of demographic transition: This refers to the shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country industrializes and develops economically. Industrialized countries typically experience this transition.
2. Review the characteristics of populations in industrialized countries: These populations generally have lower birth rates and death rates due to improved healthcare, education, and access to resources.
3. Analyze the survivorship curve types: Type II survivorship curves represent populations with a constant death rate across all age groups, which is not typical for industrialized human populations. Instead, industrialized populations often exhibit a Type I curve, where most individuals live to old age.
4. Evaluate average family size: In industrialized countries, average family size tends to be smaller due to factors like access to contraception, economic considerations, and cultural shifts.
5. Compare the options provided: Based on the above analysis, identify the statement that aligns with the characteristics of human populations in industrialized countries. The correct answer is likely related to the demographic transition.

Key Concepts

Demographic Transition

The demographic transition model describes the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country develops. This process typically occurs in four stages: pre-industrial, transitional, industrial, and post-industrial. In industrialized countries, populations have usually moved to the later stages, characterized by lower birth rates and longer life expectancy.

Survivorship Curves

Survivorship curves are graphical representations that show the number of individuals surviving at each age for a given species. Type II curves indicate a constant mortality rate throughout an organism's life, typical of species that experience similar death rates regardless of age. This contrasts with Type I (high survival in early life) and Type III (high mortality in early life) curves.

Population Characteristics in Industrialized Countries

In industrialized countries, populations typically exhibit low birth rates and low death rates, leading to stable or slowly growing populations. Average family sizes tend to be smaller due to various social and economic factors, including access to education and family planning. Understanding these characteristics is essential for analyzing population dynamics and their implications for society.