Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture. If a mixture, indicate whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous: (d) mayonnaise.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definitions: A pure substance has a uniform and definite composition, while a mixture contains two or more substances physically combined. A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, whereas a heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition.
2. Identify the components of mayonnaise: Mayonnaise is made from ingredients like oil, egg yolk, vinegar or lemon juice, and seasonings.
3. Determine if mayonnaise is a pure substance or a mixture: Since mayonnaise is made from multiple ingredients, it is a mixture.
4. Assess the uniformity of mayonnaise: Mayonnaise appears uniform and consistent throughout, without visible separation of its components.
5. Classify mayonnaise: Based on its uniform appearance, mayonnaise is a homogeneous mixture.

Key Concepts

Pure Substances

A pure substance consists of a single type of particle and has a uniform composition throughout. Examples include elements like oxygen and compounds like water. Pure substances have distinct physical and chemical properties that do not change regardless of the sample size.

Mixtures

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances where each retains its individual properties. Mixtures can be classified as homogeneous, where the components are evenly distributed (like saltwater), or heterogeneous, where the components are not uniformly distributed (like salad).

Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures

Homogeneous mixtures have a consistent composition throughout, making it difficult to distinguish the individual components, while heterogeneous mixtures contain visibly different substances or phases. Mayonnaise, for example, is considered a heterogeneous mixture because it contains oil, egg yolk, and vinegar, which do not blend uniformly.