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Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksMcMurry 8th EditionCh.10 - Gases: Their Properties & BehaviorProblem 26b
Chapter 10, Problem 26b

Assume that you have a sample of gas in a cylinder with a movable piston, as shown in the following drawing:
Redraw the apparatus to show what the sample will look like after (b) the pressure is increased from 1 atm to 2 atm at constant temperature

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1
Identify the initial conditions of the gas: 1 atm pressure and constant temperature.
Understand that increasing the pressure to 2 atm while keeping the temperature constant implies a change in volume according to Boyle's Law.
Recall Boyle's Law: \( P_1V_1 = P_2V_2 \), where \( P \) is pressure and \( V \) is volume.
Since the pressure is doubled (from 1 atm to 2 atm), the volume must decrease to maintain the equation balance, assuming the amount of gas remains constant.
Redraw the apparatus with the piston moved inward, indicating a smaller volume of gas, while ensuring the temperature remains constant.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Gas Laws

Gas laws describe the behavior of gases in relation to pressure, volume, and temperature. The most relevant laws for this question are Boyle's Law, which states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when temperature is held constant. This means that if the pressure increases, the volume must decrease, provided the temperature remains unchanged.
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Pressure-Volume Relationship

The pressure-volume relationship is a fundamental concept in understanding how gases behave under varying conditions. When the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases, as described by Boyle's Law. In this scenario, increasing the pressure from 1 atm to 2 atm will compress the gas, resulting in a smaller volume within the cylinder while maintaining the same temperature.
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Constant Temperature Process

A constant temperature process, also known as an isothermal process, occurs when a gas is compressed or expanded without changing its temperature. In this case, the internal energy of the gas remains constant, and any work done on or by the gas results in a change in volume and pressure. Understanding this concept is crucial for accurately predicting how the gas will behave when the pressure is increased.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Identify the true statement about deviations from ideal gas behavior. (LO 10.12) (a) The attractive forces between gas particles cause the true volume of the sample to be larger than predicted by the ideal gas law. (b) The attractive forces between gas particles most influence the volume of a sample at low pressure. (c) The volume of the gas particles themselves most influences the volume of the sample at low pressure. (d) The volume of the gas particles themselves causes the true volume of the sample to be larger than predicted by the ideal gas law.
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Textbook Question
A glass tube has one end in a dish of mercury and the otherend closed by a stopcock. The distance from the surface ofthe mercury to the bottom of the stopcock is 850 mm. Theapparatus is at 25 °C, and the mercury level in the tube isthe same as that in the dish.

(a) Show on drawing (1) what the approximate level ofmercury in the tube will be when the temperature of theentire apparatus is lowered from +25 °C to -25 °C.
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Textbook Question

Assume that you have a sample of gas in a cylinder with a movable piston, as shown in the following drawing:

Redraw the apparatus to show what the sample will look like after (a) the temperature is increased from 300 K to 450 K at constant pressure

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Textbook Question

Assume that you have a sample of gas in a cylinder with a movable piston, as shown in the following drawing:

Redraw the apparatus to show what the sample will look like after (c) the temperature is decreased from 300 K to 200 K and the pressure is decreased from 3 atm to 2 atm.

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Textbook Question
Show the approximate level of the movable piston in drawings (a), (b), and (c) after the indicated changes have been made to the gas.

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Textbook Question
A 1:1 mixture of helium (red) and argon (blue) at 300 K isportrayed below on the left. Draw the same mixture whenthe temperature is lowered to 150 K.
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